Journal of Conservation Science (보존과학회지)

The Korean Society Of Conservation Science For Cultural Heritage (한국문화재보존과학회)
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Characteristic of Inorganic Contaminants and Conservation Treatment Materials for the Three-Storied Stone Pagoda of Bulguksa Temple in Gyeongju

경주 불국사 삼층석탑(석가탑)의 무기오염물과 보수물질 특성

  • Lee, Gemma (Department of Safety and Disaster Prevention, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Kim, Sa Duk (Department of Restoration Technology, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Park, Sungchul (Department of Architectural Heritage, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Kim, Derk Moon (Department of Safety and Disaster Prevention, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage)
  • 이젬마 (국립문화재연구소 안전방재연구실) ;
  • 김사덕 (국립문화재연구소 복원기술연구실) ;
  • 박성철 (국립문화재연구소 건축문화재연구실) ;
  • 김덕문 (국립문화재연구소 안전방재연구실)
  • Received : 2018.09.12
  • Accepted : 2018.10.22
  • Published : 2018.10.20
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Abstract

Analyses of the three-storied stone pagoda at the Bulguksa temple in Gyeongju were carried out in order to identify the cause for material characteristics of inorganic contaminants and conservation treatment materials. Results indicated that foreign soil or weathering soil caused yellow discoloration of the pagoda, reddish-brown contaminants were formed by goethite (FeOOH), an iron oxide mineral, and black pollutants were formed by manganese (Mn) oxide, leading to discoloration of the rock. Among the restoration materials used in the past, cement mortar could cause whitening by reacting with the external environment. The results were used as basic standards to evaluate the material characteristics of the surface contaminants and identify a set of effective conservation treatments. Nevertheless, continuous monitoring is required, as there is a high possibility of regeneration of pollutants in the future because of the continuous exposure of the pagoda to the external environment.

경주 불국사 삼층석탑에서 발생한 무기오염물과 보수물질의 생성 원인 및 재질 특성을 규명하기 위해 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 황색 오염물은 외부 기원 토양 또는 풍화토의 침착으로 인한 변색, 적갈색 오염물은 산화철 광물의 한 종류인 침철석(Goethite, FeOOH)에 의한 오염, 흑색 오염물은 망간(Mn) 산화물이 부재 표면에 고착되면서 암석의 색상 변화를 유발하는 것으로 확인되었다. 과거에 사용된 보수 재료 중 시멘트 모르타르는 외부 환경과 반응하여 백화현상을 야기한 것으로 판단된다. 이를 통해 석탑 오염물질과 관련된 기초 자료를 확보하고, 효율적인 보존처리 방안마련 자료로 활용하였다. 한편, 외부환경에 노출되어 있는 석탑은 오염물 재형성 가능성이 높으므로 지속적인 모니터링을 통한 체계적인 관리가 요구된다.

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References

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