Journal of the Korean Child Neurology Society (대한소아신경학회지)

The Korean Child Neurology Society (대한소아신경학회)
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Smart Device Usage-Related Factors are Correlated with Self-Regulation Ability in Early Childhood

유아 스마트 기기 사용 관련 요인들과 자기조절 능력 발달과의 상관관계

  • Cho, Sang Yeun (Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine) ;
  • So, Hye Jin (Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine) ;
  • Lim, Sung Min (Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine) ;
  • Koh, Min Sook (Child Neurodevelopmental Lab, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital) ;
  • Song, Kil Yun (Child Neurodevelopmental Lab, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital) ;
  • Moon, Jin-Hwa (Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine)
  • 조상연 (한양대학교 의과대학 소아청소년과학교실) ;
  • 소혜진 (한양대학교 의과대학 소아청소년과학교실) ;
  • 임성민 (한양대학교 의과대학 소아청소년과학교실) ;
  • 고민숙 (한양대학교 구리병원 소아신경발달연구실) ;
  • 송길연 (한양대학교 구리병원 소아신경발달연구실) ;
  • 문진화 (한양대학교 의과대학 소아청소년과학교실)
  • Received : 2018.06.16
  • Accepted : 2018.09.29
  • Published : 2018.09.30
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Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between the smart devices usage-related factors and self-regulation ability development in early childhood. Methods: Parental questionnaires of 187 children aged 3-6 years were analyzed. The metrics included smart device usage frequency (times/week, scored as uFreq), smart device usage time (hours/day, scored as uTime), parental scale for appropriate smart device usage level (scored as uLevel), the Korean-developmental screening test (K-DST), and the scale for self-regulation ability in young children (scored as SRS, and including four sub-categories: self-appraisal, self-determination, behavior inhibition, and emotionality). The correlations were analyzed by total age group and by each age. Results: In the total age group analysis, uFreq and uTime were negatively correlated with mean SRS ($r_s=-0.366$, -0.330; P<0.001) and sub-category SRS ($r_s=-0.186$ to -0.370; P<0.05). Mean uLevel score was positively correlated with mean SRS ($r_s=0.406$; P<0.001) and most of the mean sub-category SRS ($r_s=0.174$ to 0.362; P<0.05). In 3-year-old children, the mean SRS was strongly negatively correlated with uFreq ($r_s=-0.751$; P<0.001), negatively correlated with uTime ($r_s=-0.518$; P<0.001), and positively correlated with mean uLevel score ($r_s=0.533$; P=0.013). Such correlations seemed to decrease at the age of 4-6 years. Conclusion: Self-regulation ability was significantly correlated with smart devicerelated factors and was the highest in the 3-year-old children. Encouraging appropriate smart device usage will be helpful for self-regulation development of young children.

목적: 유아기는 신체적인 성장과 함께 자기조절 능력의 발달이 시작되는 시기이다. 본 연구의 목적은 유아기의 스마트 기기 사용 관련요인들과 자기조절 능력의 발달과의 연관성을 알아보는 것이다. 방법: 2017년 3월부터 2017년 12월까지 경기도 및 서울의 유아기관에 등원하는 만 3-6세 유아 187명(남 109명, 여 78명)을 대상으로 부모가 작성한 설문지를 단면 분석하였다. 조사항목은 1) 스마트 기기의 사용 빈도(사용 횟수/주, uFreq로 점수화), 하루 사용 시간(사용시간/일, uTime으로 점수화) 2) 유아 스마트 기기 이용 수준 척도(5점 Likert 척도로 점수가 높을수록 적절한 사용 수준을 나타내며 uLevel로 점수화), 3) 한국 영유아 발달 선별검사(K-DST) 4) 유아용 자기조절 능력 평정 도구(5점 Likert 척도로 자기 평가, 자기 결정, 행동 억제, 정서성의 4 하위 요인으로 구성되며 SRS로 점수화) 이었으며, uFreq, uTime, uLevel, K-DST, SRS 결과들 간의 상관관계를 전체 연령 및 각 연령별로 분석하였다. 결과: 전체 연령에 대한 분석에서 사용빈도는 주 2-3회(28.7 %), 하루 사용시간은 일 1-2시간(42 %)이 가장 많았다. 전체 연령 분석에서, uFreq와 uTime은 SRS의 전체 평균과 각각 의미 있는 음의 상관관계($r_s=-0.366$, -0.330, P<0.001)를 보였으며 대부분의 SRS 하위요인 평균 점수들과도 상관관계가 있었다($r_s=-0.186--0.370$, P<0.05). uLevel 전체 평균은 SRS 전체 평균과 의미 있는 양의 상관관계($r_s=0.406$, P<0.001)를 보였으며, 대부분의 SRS 하위 요인 평균과도 의미 있는 상관관계가 있었다($r_s=0.174-0.362$, P<0.05). 연령별 분석에서 만 3세 군의 SRS 전체 평균은 uFreq와 강한 정도($r_s=-0.751$, P<0.001), uTime과 중간 정도($r_s=-0.518$, P< 0.001) 음의 상관관계가 있었으며, uLevel 전체 평균과는 중간 정도의 양의 상관관계($r_s=0.533$ P=0.013)가 있었다. 이러한 상관 경향은 만 4-6세에서는 감소하는 양상을 보였다. 전반적으로 K-DST의 발달 영역들은 SRS 점수들과 다양한 정도의 상관관계들이 있었고, 특히 만 3세에서는 인지영역이 SRS 전체 평균과 강한 양의 상관관계를 보였다 ($r_s=0.801$, P<0.001). 결론: 만 3-6세 유아의 자기조절 능력은 스마트 기기의 사용빈도, 사용시간, 사용수준과 의미 있는 상관관계가 있었으며 이러한 경향은 만 3세에서 가장 높았다. 유아의 스마트 기기 사용빈도와 시간은 적절히 제한하고, 질적인 사용수준을 높이도록 돕는 것이 유아의 자기조절 능력 발달에 도움이 될 것이다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : National research foundation of Korea

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