References
- World Health Organization. Obesity: preventing and manag-ing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation (WHO Technical Report Series 894) [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2000 [cited 2018 Sep 11]. Avail-able from: http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/obesity/WHO_TRS_894/en/.
- Park YS, Lee DH, Choi JM, Kang YJ, Kim CH. Trend of obesity in school age children in seoul over the past 23 years. Korean J Pediatr 2004;47:247-257.
- Cho WK, Han K, Ahn MB, Park YM, Jung MH, Suh BK, Park YG. Metabolic risk factors in Korean adolescents with severe obesity: results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (K-NHANES) 2007-2014. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018;138:169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2018.01.030
- Whitaker RC, Wright JA, Pepe MS, Seidel KD, Dietz WH. Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity. N Engl J Med 1997;337:869-873. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199709253371301
- Hanson MA, Gluckman PD. Early developmental condition-ing of later health and disease: physiology or pathophysiology? Physiol Rev 2014;94:1027-1076. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00029.2013
- Mongraw-Chaffin M, Foster MC, Anderson CAM, Burke GL, Haq N, Kalyani RR, Ouyang P, Sibley CT, Tracy R, Woodward M, Vaidya D. Metabolically healthy obesity, transition to metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular risk. J Am Coll Car-diol 2018;71:1857-1865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.02.055
- Bjerregaard LG, Jensen BW, Angquist L, Osler M, Sorensen TIA, Baker JL. Change in overweight from childhood to early adulthood and risk of type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2018; 378:1302-1312. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1713231
- Buscot MJ, Thomson RJ, Juonala M, Sabin MA, Burgner DP, Lehtimaki T, Hutri-Kahonen N, Viikari JSA, Raitakari OT, Magnussen CG. Distinct child-to-adult body mass index trajectories are associated with different levels of adult cardio-metabolic risk. Eur Heart J 2018;39:2263-2270. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehy161
- NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet 2017;390:2627-2642. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32129-3
- Oh K, Jang MJ, Lee NY, Moon JS, Lee CG, Yoo MH, Kim YT. Prevalence and trends in obesity among Korean children and adolescents in 1997 and 2005. Korean J Pediatr 2008;51:950-955. https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2008.51.9.950
- Wells JC, Pomeroy E, Walimbe SR, Popkin BM, Yajnik CS. The elevated susceptibility to diabetes in India: an evolu-tionary perspective. Front Public Health 2016;4:145.
- Chan JC, Malik V, Jia W, Kadowaki T, Yajnik CS, Yoon KH, Hu FB. Diabetes in Asia: epidemiology, risk factors, and path-ophysiology. JAMA 2009;301:2129-2140. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.726
- Yoon KH, Lee JH, Kim JW, Cho JH, Choi YH, Ko SH, Zimmet P, Son HY. Epidemic obesity and type 2 diabetes in Asia. Lan-cet 2006;368:1681-1688.
- US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for obesity in children and adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Pediatrics 2010;125:361-367. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-2037
- Mirza N, Phan TL, Tester J, Fals A, Fernandez C, Datto G, Estrada E, Eneli I. Expert Exchange Workgroup on children aged 5 and younger with severe obesity: a narrative review of medical and genetic risk factors. Child Obes 2018 May 23 [Epub]. https://dx.doi.org/10.1089/chi.2017.0350.
- Lee S, Bacha F, Gungor N, Arslanian SA. Waist circumference is an independent predictor of insulin resistance in black and white youths. J Pediatr 2006;148:188-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.10.001
- Fernandez JR, Redden DT, Pietrobelli A, Allison DB. Waist circumference percentiles in nationally representative samples of African-American, European-American, and Mexican-American children and adolescents. J Pediatr 2004;145:439-444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.06.044
- Moon JS, Lee SY, Nam CM, Choi JM, Choe BK, Seo JW, Oh K, Jang MJ, Hwang SS, Yoo MH, Kim YT, Lee CG. 2007 Korean National Growth Charts: review of developmental process and an outlook. Korean J Pediatr 2008;51:1-25. https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2008.51.1.1
- Nambiar S, Truby H, Davies PS, Baxter K. Use of the waist-height ratio to predict metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents. J Paediatr Child Health 2013;49:E281-E287. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.12147
- Juonala M, Magnussen CG, Berenson GS, Venn A, Burns TL, Sabin MA, Srinivasan SR, Daniels SR, Davis PH, Chen W, Sun C, Cheung M, Viikari JS, Dwyer T, Raitakari OT. Childhood adiposity, adult adiposity, and cardiovascular risk factors. N Engl J Med 2011;365:1876-1885. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1010112
- Wells JC. Toward body composition reference data for infants, children, and adolescents. Adv Nutr 2014;5:320S-329S. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.113.005371
- Kyle UG, Earthman CP, Pichard C, Coss-Bu JA. Body composition during growth in children: limitations and pers-pectives of bioelectrical impedance analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015;69:1298-1305. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2015.86
- Chung S. Body mass index and body composition scaling to height in children and adolescent. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2015;20:125-129. https://doi.org/10.6065/apem.2015.20.3.125
- Park HW, Yoo HY, Kim CH, Kim H, Kwak BO, Kim KS, Chung S. Reference values of body composition indices: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Yonsei Med J 2015;56:95-102. https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2015.56.1.95
- Lee SH, Cho MH, Kim YH, Chung S. Two cases of successful type 2 diabetes control with lifestyle modification in children and adolescents. J Obes Metab Syndr 2017;26:71-75. https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes.2017.26.1.71
- Taylor CM, Steer CD, Hays NP, Emmett PM. Growth and body composition in children who are picky eaters: a longi-tudinal view. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018 Jul 11 [Epub]. https:// doi.org/10.1038/s41430-018-0250-7.
- Lee DH, Keum N, Hu FB, Orav EJ, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Giovannucci EL. Predicted lean body mass, fat mass, and all cause and cause specific mortality in men: prospective US cohort study. BMJ 2018;362:k2575.
- Barlow SE; Expert Committee. Expert committee recommen-dations regarding the prevention, assessment, and treatment of child and adolescent overweight and obesity: summary report. Pediatrics 2007;120 Suppl 4:S164-S192. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-2329C
- Cook S, Auinger P, Li C, Ford ES. Metabolic syndrome rates in United States adolescents, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2002. J Pediatr 2008;152: 165-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.06.004
- Zimmet P, Alberti KG, Kaufman F, Tajima N, Silink M, Arslanian S, Wong G, Bennett P, Shaw J, Caprio S; IDF Con- sensus Group. The metabolic syndrome in children and adole-scents: an IDF consensus report. Pediatr Diabetes 2007;8:299-306. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5448.2007.00271.x
- American Diabetes Association. 2. Classification and diag-nosis of diabetes: standards of medical care in diabetes-2018. Diabetes Care 2018;41(Suppl 1):S13-S27. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-S002
- Morrison JA, Friedman LA, Wang P, Glueck CJ. Metabolic syndrome in childhood predicts adult metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus 25 to 30 years later. J Pediatr 2008; 152:201-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.09.010
- Reaven GM. Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 1988;37:1595-1607. https://doi.org/10.2337/diab.37.12.1595
- Steinberger J, Daniels SR, Eckel RH, Hayman L, Lustig RH, McCrindle B, Mietus-Snyder ML; American Heart Association Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in the Young Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; and Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Progress and challenges in metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in the Young Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; and Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Circulation 2009;119:628-647. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.191394
- Weiss R, Taksali SE, Tamborlane WV, Burgert TS, Savoye M, Caprio S. Predictors of changes in glucose tolerance status in obese youth. Diabetes Care 2005;28:902-909. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.28.4.902
- Hostalek U, Gwilt M, Hildemann S. Therapeutic use of metformin in prediabetes and diabetes prevention. Drugs 2015;75:1071-1094. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-015-0416-8
- Mandell F, Berenberg W. The Mauriac syndrome. Am J Dis Child 1974;127:900-902.
- Chiarelli F, Giannini C, Mohn A. Growth, growth factors and diabetes. Eur J Endocrinol 2004;151 Suppl 3:U109-U117. https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.151U109
- Park HW, Kim YH, Cho M, Kwak BO, Kim KS, Chung S. Adolescent build plotting on body composition chart and the type of diabetes mellitus. J Korean Med Sci 2012;27:1385-1390. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2012.27.11.1385
- Daniels SR, Greer FR; Committee on Nutrition. Lipid screen-ing and cardiovascular health in childhood. Pediatrics 2008; 122:198-208. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-1349
Cited by
- Development of a mobile-based self-management health alarm program for obese children in South Korea and a test of its feasibility for metabolic outcomes: A study based on the information-motivation-b vol.27, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2021.27.1.13
- Evaluation of Agreement of Overweight Screening Criteria in Adolescents: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys vol.30, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes21008