KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE (한국작물학회지)

The Korean Society of Crop Science (한국작물학회)
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Changes in Growing Period and Productivity under Double Cropping of Spring Potato and Summer Cereals in Paddy Fields of Southern Korea

남부지역 논에서 봄감자와 하작물 이모작에 따른 생육기간 및 생산성 변화

  • Seo, Jong-Ho (Paddy Crop Research Division, Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science) ;
  • Hwang, Chung-Dong (Paddy Crop Research Division, Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science) ;
  • Choi, Weon-Young (Technology Transfer Division, National Institute of Crop Science) ;
  • Bae, Hyeon-Kyung (Paddy Crop Research Division, Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science) ;
  • Kim, Sang-Yeol (Paddy Crop Research Division, Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science) ;
  • Oh, Seong-Hwan (Paddy Crop Research Division, Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science)
  • 서종호 (국립식량과학원 남부작물부 논이용작물과) ;
  • 황정동 (국립식량과학원 남부작물부 논이용작물과) ;
  • 최원영 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기술지원과) ;
  • 배현경 (국립식량과학원 남부작물부 논이용작물과) ;
  • 김상열 (국립식량과학원 남부작물부 논이용작물과) ;
  • 오성환 (국립식량과학원 남부작물부 논이용작물과)
  • Received : 2019.09.07
  • Accepted : 2019.11.30
  • Published : 2019.12.31
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Abstract

Changes in growing periods and productivities of crops under double cropping of potato-rice, potato-soybean and potato-maize, were investigated at the Paddy Experimental Fields in Miryang City from 2015 to 2018. Spring potatoes planted in early March showed a yield of 2.1-2.3 ton/10a and a period of 90 days. In double cropping, growing period of rice, soybean, and maize was about 130, 125 and 115 days, respectively. The potato yield obtained was as much as 616, 330 and 815 kg/10a under double cropping with rice, soybean and maize, respectively. It is beneficial to sow the spring potatoes as early as possible to increase the yield and to secure the growing period of sequential crops. The introduction of summer medium-late variety grain crops into double cropping of spring potato and rice as well as into double cropping of spring potato and soybean/maize, was possible because of no sowing in the fall and plants were able to reach the heading growth stage before the safe heading limit of rice in particular. In the case of maize, the growth period was different according to the change in temperature over the year. The introduction of upland crops such as soybeans and maize instead of rice improved soil physicochemical properties in a short period of time, contributing to the increase of spring potato yields, but there was also a risk of damage by successive cropping for more than three years. Spring potato-maize showed higher yield in terms of starch production, and spring potato-soybean was found to be advantageous for net income.

쌀 소비 감소 및 재고량 증가, 밭작물의 자급도 감소에 따라 남부지역 논을 활용하여 콩, 옥수수, 감자 등을 최대로 생산하는 작부체계 기술개발이 필요하다. 남부지역 논을 이용한 봄감자 - 중·만생종 벼/콩/옥수수 이모작의 작기 변화 및 생산성을 2015~2018년 4년간 밀양의 시험포장에서 조사하였다. 봄감자는 3월 초순에 파종하여 90일의 단기간에 수량성 2.1~2.3 ton/10a의 생산이 가능하였고 이모작의 중만생종 하계 곡실작물은 6월 중순 파종 시 벼는 130일 내외, 콩은 125일 내외, 옥수수는 115일 내외로 각각 616 kg/10a, 330 kg/10a 및 815 kg/10a의 높은 수량성을 얻을 수 있었다. 감자는 봄에 파종을 최대한 빨리 하는 것이 수량성 증대뿐만 아니라 후작물의 생육기간 확보에 유리하였다. 봄감자-콩/옥수수 이모작 뿐만 아니라 봄감자-벼 이모작에서는 가을에 파종이 없고 안전출수 한계기 이전에 출수가 가능하여 중만생의 하계 품종의 도입이 가능하였다. 파종기에 따라 수량과 등숙일수가 크게 영향을 받는 옥수수는 맥류이모작에 비해 6월 중 파종이 빨라 유리하였다. 생육기간이 온도의 영향을 많이 받는 옥수수는 년도별 기온의 변화에 따라 생육기간의 차이가 나타났다. 벼 대신에 콩, 옥수수 등 밭작물을 도입하면 토양의 이화학성이 단기간에 개선되어 봄감자 수량 증대에 기여하였지만 3년 이상의 연속재배 시 연작장해 발생의 위험도 보였다. 봄감자-옥수수가 전분 생산면에서 수량성이 높았고, 봄감자-콩이 소득성에서 유리한 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

References

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