Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology

The Korean Society of Wood Science & Technology (한국목재공학회)
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Hydrophilic Extracts of the Bark from Six Pinus Species

  • Masendra, Masendra (Department of Forest Products Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada) ;
  • Ashitani, Tatsuya (Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University) ;
  • Takahashi, Koetsu (Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University) ;
  • Susanto, Mudji (Center for Forest Biotechnology and Tree Improvement Research) ;
  • Lukmandaru, Ganis (Department of Forest Products Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada)
  • Received : 2017.11.16
  • Accepted : 2018.12.31
  • Published : 2019.01.25
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Abstract

Pine barks are important biomass resources because they are utilised in the production of pine wood and rosins. However, no chemical study has been conducted on the hydrophilic status of pine barks in Indonesia. This aim of this study is to explore the hydrophilic extracts of the barks from six Pinus species (P. elliotii, P. caribeae, P. oocarpa, P. merkusii P. montezumae, and P. insularis). The hydrophilics of pine barks were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The presence of polyphenol contents in the ethanol extracts obtained from the barks of six Pinus species was determined using the tannin-formaldehyde method, Folin-Cioucalteu assay, and vanillin-HCl assay. The ethanol and hot water soluble extractives derived from inner barks were higher in quantity when compared to those derived from the outer bark samples. The polyphenol measurement showed that the highest value of total phenol content was derived from the outer bark of P. montezumae whereas those of the total phenol and tannin- formaldehyde contents were derived from the inner and outer barks of P. oocarpa. GC-MS analysis revealed that nitrogenous compounds are dominant constituents in the inner and outer barks of the six species, followed by sugars and monophenolics, respectively.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Ethanol extractive content (a) and hot water extractive content (b) of bark of six pine species (weight percentage of oven-dry wood, average from two measurements).

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Fig. 2. Correlation between tannin-formaldehyde and total phenols (a) and total flavanols (b).

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Fig. 3. Chromatogram of ethanol extract from P. merkusii, peak 1. Pyrazine (5.4 min), peak 2. Glycerol (5.5 min), peak 3. N,O-Bis carbamate (6.2 min), peak 4. Methylmalonic monoamide (6.8 min), peak 5. 2,5-Furandione (7.8 min), peak 6. Monoamidomalonic acid (9.9 min), peak 7. Veratric acid (IS: Internal Standard), peak 8. Malonyldiamide (14.5 min), peak 9. N-Acetylglutamine (15.5 min), peak 10. Xylitol (15.8 min), peak 11. D-Psicopyranose (isomer 2) (17.8 min), peak 12. D-Pinitol (18.1 min), peak 13. Glucopyranose (19.1 min), peak 14. D-Mannitol (20.2 min), peak 15. D-Pinitol, isomer (20.6 min), peak 16. Glucopyranose (21.1 min), peak 17. ), Thymol-.beta.- d-glucopyranoside (33.8 min), peak 18. TMS catechol lactate (35.3 min), peak 19. Normorphine (37.5 min).

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Fig. 4. Mass spectra of hydroxytyrosol and ferulic acid TMS from the bark of six Pinus species.

Table 1. Total phenols, flavanols, tannins, and pH of inner and outer bark of six Pinus species (average of two measurements; standard deviation)

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Table 2. Hydrophilic constituents of the inner and outer barks identified by GC-MS (percentage of dry-weight extract, average of two measurements)

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Table. 3. Mass spectra of sugar TMS derivatives detected in the samples

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