The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY (한국해양학회지:바다)

The Korean Society of Oceanography (한국해양학회)
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Distribution Patterns of Halophytes in the Coastal Area in Korea

우리나라 해안에 서식하는 염생식물의 분포 특징

  • Received : 2019.01.09
  • Accepted : 2019.01.30
  • Published : 2019.02.28
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Abstract

This survey was conducted from May 2017 to August 2018 as part of the National Marine Ecosystem Surveys sponsored by MOF (Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries) and KOEM (Korea Marine Environment Management Corporation). The survey was conducted at 157 stations including intertidal zones, coastal sand dunes and beaches. A total of 72 species of halophytes were identified and the total vegetated area was $1,813,546m^2$ in coastal waters of Korea. In the west coast region, Suaeda japonica was the dominant species, Phragmites communis in the southern coast, and Carex kobomugi in the east coast. Phragmites communis was the most dominant with $1,136,643m^2$ (62.7%) in the whole surveyed area. The top 11 dominant plants are Phragmites communis, Suaeda japonica, Suaeda maritima, Zoysia sinica, Carex kobomugi, Elymus mollis, Suaeda malacosperma, Phacelurus latifolius, Triglochin maritimum, Carex pumila and Carex scabrifolia, and Phragmites communis and Suaeda japonica accounted for 75.9% of the total vegetated area. The distribution of halophyte on the coast of Korea was determined by the habitat types rather than the climate ranges, and there was a difference in the species diversity and habitat range of the halophyte depending on the habitat diversities within the same area.

본 조사는 국가해양생태계종합조사의 일부로 2017년 5월부터 2018년 8월까지 이루어졌으며, 우리나라 전체 해안에 설정된 157개 정점을 중심으로 조간대 및 해안사구와 사빈지역에서 수행하였다. 조사결과 염생식물은 총 72종이 확인되었으며 분포 면적은 총 $1,813,546m^2$이었다. 서해안 권역에서는 칠면초 군락이 우점 군락이며, 남해안 권역에서는 갈대 군락이 우점 군락이고, 동해안 권역에서는 통보리사초 군락이 우점 군락이었다. 조사지역 전체로는 갈대 군락이 $1,136,643m^2$ (62.7%)으로 가장 넓었다. 상위 11개 우점 식물 군락은 갈대 군락, 칠면초 군락, 해홍나물 군락, 갯잔디 군락, 통보리사초 군락, 갯그령 군락, 기수초 군락, 모새달 군락, 지채 군락, 좀보리사초 군락, 천일사초 군락이며, 특히 갈대 군락과 칠면초 군락은 전체 면적의 75.9%를 차지하여 압도적이었다. 우리나라 해안의 염생식물 분포는 대부분 기후 차이보다는 서식처의 형태가 염생식물의 서식 형태를 결정짓는 주요한 요인인 것으로 나타났으며, 또한 같은 권역 내에서도 서식처의 다양성 정도에 띠라 염생식물의 출현종과 서식범위 등에서 차이를 보였다.

Keywords

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Fig. 2. Analysis of halophytes for Raunkiaer's life-form spectrum in this study.

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Fig. 3. Comparison of habitat ranges of halophytes on the coast.

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Fig. 4. Comparison of vegetation areas from 2015 to 2016 and from 2017 to 2018 (Sj: Suaeda japonica, Sm: Suaeda malacosperma, Ce-Pc: Calamagrostis epigeios - Phragmites communis, Pc: Phragmites communis, Ck: Carex kobomugi, →: Dominant community).

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Fig. 1. The location of survey sites.

Table 1. Major Taxa of coastal vegetation in the world (KOEM, 2015)

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Table 2. The number of tidal flats and sites on survey study

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Table 3. Localities of spot area and survey date

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Table 3. Localities of spot area and survey date (continued)

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Table 3. Localities of spot area and survey date (continued)

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Table 4. Criterion of dominance grade

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Table 5. List of plants subject to investigation and discovered plants

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Table 5. List of plants subject to investigation and discovered plants (continued)

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Table 5. List of plants subject to investigation and discovered plants (continued)

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Table 5. List of plants subject to investigation and discovered plants (continued)

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Table 6. Halophytes found in more than 30 sites in this survey

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Table 7. Analysis of vegetation area and dominant plant community by region in this study

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Table 8. The list of major halophytes and habitat size

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Table 9. The number of locations without halophyte plant in this study

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Table 10. Comparison of species numbers between surveys in 2015-2016 and 2017-2018

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Table 11. Comparison of vegetation areas from 2015 to 2016 and from 2017 to 2018

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