Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information (한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지)

Korean Society of Computer Information (한국컴퓨터정보학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Adjacent Matrix-based Hole Coverage Discovery Technique for Sensor Networks

  • Wu, Mary (Dept. of Computer Culture, Youngnam Theological University and Seminary)
  • Received : 2019.02.19
  • Accepted : 2019.04.22
  • Published : 2019.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Wireless sensor networks are used to monitor and control areas in a variety of military and civilian areas such as battlefield surveillance, intrusion detection, disaster recovery, biological detection, and environmental monitoring. Since the sensor nodes are randomly placed in the area of interest, separation of the sensor network area may occur due to environmental obstacles or a sensor may not exist in some areas. Also, in the situation where the sensor node is placed in a non-relocatable place, some node may exhaust energy or physical hole of the sensor node may cause coverage hole. Coverage holes can affect the performance of the entire sensor network, such as reducing data reliability, changing network topologies, disconnecting data links, and degrading transmission load. It is possible to solve the problem that occurs in the coverage hole by finding a coverage hole in the sensor network and further arranging a new sensor node in the detected coverage hole. The existing coverage hole detection technique is based on the location of the sensor node, but it is inefficient to mount the GPS on the sensor node having limited resources, and performing other location information processing causes a lot of message transmission overhead. In this paper, we propose an Adjacent Matrix-based Hole Coverage Discovery(AMHCD) scheme based on connectivity of neighboring nodes. The method searches for whether the connectivity of the neighboring nodes constitutes a closed shape based on the adjacent matrix, and determines whether the node is an internal node or a boundary node. Therefore, the message overhead for the location information strokes does not occur and can be applied irrespective of the position information error.

Keywords

CPTSCQ_2019_v24n4_169_f0001.png 이미지

Fig. 1. Delaunay triangulation configuration of sensor nodes

CPTSCQ_2019_v24n4_169_f0002.png 이미지

Fig. 2. The same coverage hole decision model

CPTSCQ_2019_v24n4_169_f0003.png 이미지

Fig. 3. Neighboring node sensing area model

CPTSCQ_2019_v24n4_169_f0004.png 이미지

Fig. 4. Triangular and circumscribed models composed of neighboring nodes

CPTSCQ_2019_v24n4_169_f0005.png 이미지

Fig. 5. Sensor network model

CPTSCQ_2019_v24n4_169_f0006.png 이미지

Fig. 6. The adjacency matrices of node 38

CPTSCQ_2019_v24n4_169_f0007.png 이미지

Fig. 7. Sensor network model

CPTSCQ_2019_v24n4_169_f0008.png 이미지

Fig. 8. The adjacency matrices of node 40

CPTSCQ_2019_v24n4_169_f0009.png 이미지

Fig. 9. Adjacent matrices between one hop and two hop neighbor nodes

CPTSCQ_2019_v24n4_169_f0010.png 이미지

Fig. 10. Neighboring nodes in closed shape

CPTSCQ_2019_v24n4_169_f0011.png 이미지

Fig. 11. Sensor network model

CPTSCQ_2019_v24n4_169_f0012.png 이미지

Fig. 12. AoA Location Technique

CPTSCQ_2019_v24n4_169_f0013.png 이미지

Fig. 13. Amount of calculation of the hole coverage detection methods

CPTSCQ_2019_v24n4_169_f0014.png 이미지

Fig. 14. Amount of message of the hole coverage detection methods

Table 1. Notation of elements in an algorithm

CPTSCQ_2019_v24n4_169_t0001.png 이미지

References

  1. Xiaoqing Yu,Pute Wu, Wenting Han, Zenglin Zhang, "A survey on wireless sensor network infrastructure for agriculture," Computer Standards & Interfaces, Vol. 35, Issue 1, pp. 59-64, Jan. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csi.2012.05.001
  2. Mary Wu, Hyunjin Park, ChongGun Kim, "Multihop Routing based on the Topology Matrix in Cluster Sensor Networks," Journal of The Institute of Signal Processing and Systems, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 45-50, Jan. 2013.
  3. Zhao Han, Jie Wu, Jie Zhang, Liefeng Liu, Kaiyun Tian, "A general self-organized tree-based energy-balance routing protocol for wireless sensor network," IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 61, Issue 2, pp. 732-740, Apr. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2014.2309351
  4. Mary Wu, "Balanced Cluster-based Multi-hop Routing in Sensor Networks," Journal of Korea Multimedia Society, Vol. 19, No. 5, pp. 910-917, May. 2016. https://doi.org/10.9717/kmms.2016.19.5.910
  5. Mary Wu, "An Efficient Routing Protocol for Mobile Sinks in Sensor Networks," Journal of Korea Multimedia Society, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 640-648, Apr. 2017. https://doi.org/10.9717/kmms.2017.20.4.640
  6. Mary Wu, "Strong Connection Clustering Scheme for Shortest Distance Multi-hop Transmission in Mobile Sensor Networks," Journal of Korea Multimedia Society, Vol. 21, No. 6, pp. 667-677, Jun. 2018. https://doi.org/10.9717/KMMS.2018.21.6.667
  7. Wei Li, Wei Zhang, "Coverage hole and boundary nodes detection in wireless sensor networks," Journal of Network and Computer Applications, Vol. 48, pp. 35-43, Feb. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2014.10.011
  8. Ahmed M. Khedr, Walid Osamy, Ahmed Salim, "Distributed coverage hole detection and recovery scheme for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks," Computer Communications, Vol. 124, pp. 61-75, Jun. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2018.04.002
  9. Hwa-Chun Ma, Prasan Kumar Sahoo, Wen-Wen Chen, "Computational Geometry based distributed coverage hole detection protocol for the wireless sensor networks," Journal of Network and Computer Applications, Vol. 34, Issue 5, pp. 1743-1756, Sep. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2011.06.007
  10. Anju Sangwan, Rishi Pal Singh, "Coverage Hole Detection and Healing to Enhance Coverage and Connectivity in 3D Spaces for WSNs: A Mathematical Analysis," Wireless Personal Communications, Vol. 96, Issue 2, pp. 2863-2876, Sep. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-017-4328-7
  11. Shuangjiao Zhai, Zhanyong Tang, Dajin Wang, Zhanglei Li, Xiaojiang Chen, Dingyi Fang, Feng Chen, "Coverage Hole Detection and Recovery in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on RSSI-Based Localization," IEEE International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering (CSE) and IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing (EUC), 21-24 Jul. 2017.
  12. Tarachand AmgothEmail author, Prasanta K. Jana, "Coverage hole detection and restoration algorithm for wireless sensor networks," Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications, Vol. 10, Issue 1, pp. 66-78, Jan. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-015-0407-2
  13. Wei Li, Yuwei Wu, "Tree-based coverage hole detection and healing method in wireless sensor networks," Computer Networks, Vol. 103, pp. 33-43, Jul. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2016.04.005
  14. Rachid Beghdad, Amar Lamraoui, "Boundary and holes recognition in wireless sensor networks," Journal of Innovation in Digital Ecosystems, Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp. 1-14, Jun. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jides.2016.04.001
  15. Aditi Shrivastava, Priya Bharti, "Localization Techniques for Wireless Sensor Networks," International Journal of Computer Application, Vol 116, No. 12, pp. 13-18, Apr. 2015. https://doi.org/10.5120/20387-2650

Cited by

  1. 센서 네트워크에서 센싱 반경 교차점 기반 홀 복구 기법 vol.24, pp.3, 2021, https://doi.org/10.9717/kmms.2020.24.3.431