Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science (한국약용작물학회지)

The Korean Society of Medicinal Crop Science (한국약용작물학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Evaluation of the In vitro Activity of Glycyrrhiza Cultivar Roots

감초 육성품종 뿌리 추출물의 In vitro 활성 평가

  • 이승은 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 인삼특작부) ;
  • 이정훈 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 인삼특작부) ;
  • 박춘근 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 인삼특작부) ;
  • 김형돈 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 인삼특작부) ;
  • 이윤지 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 인삼특작부) ;
  • 서경혜 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 인삼특작부) ;
  • 정현수 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 인삼특작부) ;
  • 장재기 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 인삼특작부) ;
  • 김동휘 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 인삼특작부)
  • Received : 2018.11.07
  • Accepted : 2019.04.19
  • Published : 2019.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: Glycyrrhiza radix (licorice root) have been used as an oriental medicine material for long time, and its protective effects on oxidative stress, inflammation and cognition deficit have been recently reported. However, the cultivation of Glycyrrhiza species as medicinal crops is associated with some problems such as low productivity and early leaf fall, etc. To resolve this problems, Glycyrrhiza cultivars have been developed by direct hybridization of each Glycyrrhiza species by Korean researchers. The present study was conducted to compare the Glycyrrhiza cultivar radix (Dagam, Sinwongam and Wongam) for their anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and cognition improvement effects and levels of liquiritin, isoliquiritigenin and licochalcone in order to select an excellent cultivar as a material resource. Methods and Results: For evaluating the inhibitory efficacies of the Glycyrrhiza cultivar extracts on oxidative stress and inflammation in BV2 cells, we measured their reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and nitric oxide (NO) release after treating them with lipopolysccharide. The scavenging activities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and peroxynitrite ($NOO^-$) radicals were evaluated. Cell proliferation and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) inhibition were analyzed. The total phenol, liquiritin, isoliquiritigenin and licochalcone A content in the extracts of the three culivars were quantified. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient between the activities and contents of total phenol, liquiritin, isoliquiritigenin and licochalcone A were also calculated. The results indicated that Sinwongam exhibited potent anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and NMDAR inhibititory activities. Sinwongam also showed higher total phenol and licochalcone A contents than the other cultivars. Among the three cultivars, Dagam exhibited a positive effects on NO release inhibition, cell proliferation and contents of liquiritin and isoliquiritigenin. Conclusions: Sinwongam is expected to be the most useful resource as a functional material for anti-oxidation/anti-inflammation and cognition improvement among the three studied licorice cultivars.

Keywords

OOJJBO_2019_v27n2_115_f0001.png 이미지

Fig 1. Specimens of Glycyrrhiza cultivars.

OOJJBO_2019_v27n2_115_f0002.png 이미지

Fig. 2. UV spectrum of the standard compounds (A; liquiritin, B; isoliquilitigenin, C; licochalcone A).

OOJJBO_2019_v27n2_115_f0003.png 이미지

Fig. 3. HPLC chromatograms of the standard compounds dissolved in 3㎎/㎖ of 50% ethanol (A); liquiritin, (B); isoliquilitigenin and licochalcone A.

OOJJBO_2019_v27n2_115_f0004.png 이미지

Fig. 4. HPLC chromatograms of liquiritin from Glycyrrhiza cultivar extracts.

OOJJBO_2019_v27n2_115_f0005.png 이미지

Fig. 5. HPLC chromatograms of isoliquiritigenin and licochalcone A from Glycyrrhiza cultivar extracts.

OOJJBO_2019_v27n2_115_f0006.png 이미지

Fig. 6. Inhibition activity of Glycyrrhiza cultivar extracts on reactive oxygen species.

OOJJBO_2019_v27n2_115_f0007.png 이미지

Fig. 7. Comparison of inhibition activity on reactive oxygen species between Glycyrrhiza cultivar extracts and vitamin C.

OOJJBO_2019_v27n2_115_f0008.png 이미지

Fig. 8. DPPH radical scavenging activity of Glycyrrhiza cultivar extracts.

OOJJBO_2019_v27n2_115_f0009.png 이미지

Fig. 9. Inhibition activity of Glycyrrhiza cultivar extracts on nitric oxide production.

OOJJBO_2019_v27n2_115_f0010.png 이미지

Fig. 10. Effect of Glycyrrhiza cultivar extracts on BV2 cell proliferation.

Table 1. Inhibitory activities on peroxynitrite, NMDA receptor and total phenol content of Glycyrrhiza cultivars extracts.

OOJJBO_2019_v27n2_115_t0001.png 이미지

Table 2. Contents of liquiritin, isoliquiritigenin and licochalcone A in the Glycyrrhiza cultivar extracts.

OOJJBO_2019_v27n2_115_t0002.png 이미지

Table 3. Correlation coefficients between total phenol, liquiritin, isoliquilitigenin, lichochalcone A and activities in the Glycyrrhiza cultivar extracts.

OOJJBO_2019_v27n2_115_t0003.png 이미지

References

  1. Ahn J, Um M, Choi W, Kim S and Ha T. (2006). Protective effects of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. on the cognitive deficits caused by b-amyloid peptide 25-35 in young mice. Biogerontology. 7:239-247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10522-006-9023-0
  2. Cao LJ, Hou ZY, Zhang BK, Fang PF, Xiang DX, Li ZH, Gong H, Deng Y, Ma YX, Tang HB and Yan M. (2017). The ethanol extract of licorice(Glycyrrhiza uralensis) protects against triptolide-induced oxidative stress through activation of Nrf2. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2752389. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2752389 (cited by 2019 Feb 5).
  3. Chen X, Liu Z, Meng R, Shi C and Guo N. (2017). Antioxidative and anticancer properties of licochalcone A from licorice. Journal of Ethnophamacology. 198:331-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.028
  4. Cho MJ, Kim JH, Park CH, Lee AY, Shin YS, Lee JH, Park CG and Cho EJ. (2018). Comparison of the effect of three licorice varieties on cognitive improvement via an amelioration of neuroinflammation in lipopolysaccharide-induced mice. Nutrition Research and Practice. 12:191-198. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2018.12.3.191
  5. Gao J, Inagaki Y, Li X, Kokudo N and Tang W. (2013). Research progress on natural products from traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Drug Discoveries and Therapeutics. 7:46-57.
  6. Gong H, Zhang BK, Yan M, Fang PF, Li HD, Hu CP, Yang Y, Cao P, Jiang O and Fan XR. (2015). A protective mechanism of licorice(Glycyrrhiza uralensis): Isoliquiritigenin stimulates detoxification system via Nrf2 activation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 162:134-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.043
  7. Jung HW, Yoon CH, Park KM, Han HS and Park YK. (2009). Hexane fraction of Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus extract inhibits the production of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells via the NF-kappaB pathway. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 47:1190-1197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.02.012
  8. Kim KR, Jeong CK, Park KK, Choi JH, Park JHY, Lim SS and Chung WY. (2010). Anti-inflammatory effects of licorice and roasted licorice extracts on TPA-induced acute inflammation and collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology. 709378. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/709378 (cited by 2019 May 3).
  9. Kim YC and Chung SK. (2002). Reactive oxygen radical species scavenging effects of Korean medicinal plant leaves. Food Science and Biotechnology. 11:407-411.
  10. Kwak JS, Jang KJ, Seong HG and Jeong YO. (2009). Cultivation and use of medicinal crops. Purenhangbok Publisher. Seoul, Korea. p.103.
  11. Kwak SK and Park YC. (2004). Effects of Gamcho on cytokine production in asthma model mouse. Journal of Physiology and Pathology in Korean Medicine. 18:463-467.
  12. Kwon HM, Lim SS, Choi YJ, Jeong YJ, Kang SW, Bae JY and Kang YH. (2005). Inhibitory effects of licochalcone A and isoliquiritigenin on monocyte adhesion to TNF-${\alpha}$-activated endothelium. Nutritional Science. 8:153-158.
  13. Lau FC, Bielinski DF and Joseph JA. (2007). Inhibitory effects of blueberry extract on the production of inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide-activated BV2 microglia. Journal of Neuroscience Research. 85:1010-1017. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.21205
  14. Lee HK, Yang EJ, Kim JY, Song KS and Seong YH. (2012). Inhibitory effects of Glycyrrhizae radix and its active component, isoliquiritigenin, on $A{\beta}$(25-35)-induced neurotoxicity in cultures rat cortical neurons. Archives of Pharmacal Research. 35:897-904. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-012-0515-y
  15. Lee SE, Kim GS, Han HS, Lee ES, Kim YO, Lee JH, Seong NS, Lee SW and Kim YC. (2010). Biological activity of organic solvent fractions from Lythrum salicaria L.(root). Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science. 18:323-328.
  16. Lee SE, Sung JS, Jang IB, Kim GS, Ahn TJ, Han HS, Kim JE, Kim YO, Park CB, Cha SW, Ahn YS, Park HK, Bang JK and Seong NS. (2008). Investigation on antioxidant activity in plant resources. Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science. 16:356-370.
  17. Mae T, Kishida H, Nishiyama T, Tsukagawa M, Konishi E, Kuroda M, Mimaki Y, Sashisa Y, Takahashi K, Kawada T, Nakagawa K and Kitahara M. (2003). A licorice ethanolic extract with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-${\gamma}$ ligandbinding activity affects diabetes in KK-Ay mice, abdominal obesity in diet-induced obese C57BL mice and hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Journal of Nutrition. 133:3369-3377. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/133.11.3369
  18. Montoro P, Maldini M, Russo M, Postorino S, Piacente S and Pizza C. (2011). Metabolic profiling of roots of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) from different geographical areas by ESI/MS/MS and determination of major metabolites by LC-ESI/MS and LC-ESI/MS/MS. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 54:535-544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2010.10.004
  19. Mota SI, Ferreira IL and Rego AC. (2014). Dysfunctional synapse in Alzheimer's disease -a focus on NMDR receptors. Neuropharmacology. 76:16-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.08.013
  20. Park SJ, Yang SJ and Youn HS. (2009). NF-${\kappa}B$ activation and cyclooxygenase-2 expression induced by toll-like receptor agonist can be suppressed by isoliquiritigenin. Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology. 41:220-224.
  21. Sills MA, Fagg G, Pozza M, Angst C, Brundish DE, Hurt SD, Wilusz EJ and Williams M. (1991). [$^3H$]CGP 39653: A new Nmethyl-D-aspartate antagonist radioligand with low nanomolar affinity in rat brain. European Journal of Pharmacology. 192:19-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(91)90063-V
  22. Soe CR, Byun JS, An JJ, Lee JH, Hong JW, Jang SH and Park KW. (2013). Effects of Glycyrrhiza inflata Batal extracts on adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition. 42:1015-1021. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2013.42.7.1015
  23. Visavadiya NP and Narasimhacharya AVRL. (2006). Hypocholesterolaemic and antioxidant effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra(Linn) in rats. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. 50:1080-1086. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200600063
  24. Wu TY, Khor TO, Saw CLL, Loh SC, Chen AI, Lim SS, Park JHT, Cai L and Kong ANT. (2011). Anti-inflammatory/antioxidative stress activities and differential regulation of Nrf2-mediated genes by non-polar fractions of tea Chrysanthemum zawadskii and Licorice Glycyrrhiza uralensis. American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists. 13:1-13.
  25. Yin L, Guan E, Zhangg Y, Shu Z, Wang B, Wu X, Chen J, Liu J, Fu X, Sun W and Liu M. (2018). Chemical profile and anti-inflammatory activity of total flavonoid from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 17:726-734.
  26. Yoon YP. (2009). Coloured Illustration for Discrimination of Herbal Medicine. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Homibooks. Daejeon, Korea. p.16.
  27. Zhao Z, Wang W, Guo H and Zhou H. (2008). Antidepressantlike effect of liquiritin from Glycyrrhiza uralensis in chronic variable stress induced depression model rats. Behavioral Brain Research. 194:108-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2008.06.030