Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology

The Korean Society of Wood Science & Technology (한국목재공학회)
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Properties of Glued Laminated Timber Made from Fast-growing Species with Mangium Tannin and Phenol Resorcinol Formaldehyde Adhesives

  • Hendrik, Jessica (Department of Forest Products, Forestry Faculty, Bogor Agricultural University) ;
  • Hadi, Yusuf Sudo (Department of Forest Products, Forestry Faculty, Bogor Agricultural University) ;
  • Massijaya, Muh Yusram (Department of Forest Products, Forestry Faculty, Bogor Agricultural University) ;
  • Santoso, Adi (Forest Products Research Institute) ;
  • Pizzi, Antonio (ENSTIB-LERMAB,University of Lorraine)
  • Received : 2018.08.03
  • Accepted : 2019.04.16
  • Published : 2019.05.25
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Abstract

This study characterized the chemical compounds in tannin from mangium (Acacia mangium) bark extract and determined the physical-mechanical properties of glued laminated timber (glulam) made from sengon (Falcataria moluccana), jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba), and mangium wood. The adhesives used to prepare the glulam were based on mangium tannin and phenol resorcinol formaldehyde resin. Five-layer glulam beams measuring $5cm{\times}6cm{\times}120cm$ in thickness, width, and length, respectively, were made with a glue spread of $280g/m^2$ for each glue line, cold pressing at $10.5kgf/cm^2$ for 4 h and clamping for 20 h. Condensed mangium tannin consisted of 49.08% phenolic compounds with an average molecular weight of 4745. The degree of crystallinity was 14.8%. The Stiasny number was 47.22%. The density and the moisture content of the glulams differed from those of the corresponding solid woods with mangium having the lowest moisture content (9.58%) and the highest density ($0.66g/cm^3$). The modulus of rupture for all glulam beams met the JAS 234-2003 standard but the modulus of elasticity and the shear strength values did not. Glulam beams made with tannin had high delamination under dry and wet conditions, but glulam made from sengon and jabon wood met the standard's requirements. All glulam beams had low formaldehyde emissions and were classified as $F^{****}$ for formaldehyde emissions according to the JAS 234 (2003) standard.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Cutting model of glulam for each test specimen.

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Fig. 2. Chromatograph of mangium tannin extract (a) and tannin resorcinol formaldehyde, TRF (b).

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Fig. 3. MALDI mass spectrum of (a) details of the 800-1000 Da range; (b) details of the 1000-2000 Da range.

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Fig. 4. The flavonoid units in mangium tannin extract.

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Fig. 5. X-ray diffraction patterns of mangium extract (a) and TRF (b).

Table 1. Chromatic photometric absorption bands of mangium tannin extract and TRF

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Table 2. MALDI peaks for the mangium tannin extract

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Table 3. Physical properties of glulams

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Table 4. ANOVA of physical and mechanical properties of glulam

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Table 5. Duncan’s test for the physical and mechanical properties of glulam based on wood species

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Table 6. Duncan’s test for the physical and mechanical properties of glulam based on adhesive type

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Table 7. Mechanical properties of glulams

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Table 8. Glulam delamination test

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Table 9. Formaldehyde emissions from glulam

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