DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on the Restoration of Chimi Excavated the Wangheungsa Temple Site using 3D Scanning and Computer Numerical Control

3차원 스캐닝과 컴퓨터 수치 제어 기술을 이용한 왕흥사지 출토 치미의 복원 연구

  • Park, Min Jung (Department of Heritage Conservation and Restoration, Graduate School of Cultural Heritage, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Hwang, Hyun Sung (Office of Curatorial Affairs, Buyeo National Museum) ;
  • Hong, Shin Yeon (Office of Curatorial Affairs, Buyeo National Museum)
  • 박민정 (한국전통문화대학교 문화유산전문대학원 문화재수리기술학과) ;
  • 황현성 (국립부여박물관 학예연구실) ;
  • 신연홍 (국립부여박물관 학예연구실)
  • Received : 2019.05.13
  • Accepted : 2019.06.11
  • Published : 2019.06.20

Abstract

The chimi(ridge-end tile) of Wangheungsa temple is the oldest in our country. The upper part of the chimi was excavated from the southern side of Wangheungsa temple and the lower part from the northern side. These parts are considered to be portions of the same chimi, because they are similar in shape and are excavated from two sides of the same temple structure. However, the original shape of the chimi cannot be determined owing to substantial deterioration. Hence, in this study, replicas of the deteriorated chimi portions of Wangheungsa temple were fabricated by employing 3D scanning technology and the computer numerical control machining method. While observing the bending phenomenon of the chimi, the proposed model was warped realistically on the basis of the bending direction of the actual chimi. Consequently, the restoration process was modified several times. The results indicated that no gaps can be found between the upper and lower parts, and the corresponding patterns connect naturally. Furthermore, the proposed method is contactless, safe, operable, reproducible, and appropriate for restoration of artifacts. Additionally, the modeling data is semi-permanent. Hence, if modelling data is appropriately applied as per the characteristics of artifacts, it can be utilized in various fields such as virtual exhibitions, hands-on exhibitions, cultural heritage restoration, and production of teaching aids and souvenirs.

왕흥사지 치미는 현존하는 우리나라 최고(最古)의 치미로 왕흥사의 동건물지 남측에서 상단이, 북측에서 하단이 출토되었다. 2개의 치미는 조형적 특징이 유사하고 동일한 건물지의 양쪽에서 출토된 점을 미루어 볼 때, 한 쌍의 치미인 것으로 판단되는데, 2점 모두 유실부가 큰 관계로 본래의 모습을 확인하지 못하는 아쉬움이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 왕흥사지 치미의 역사적 가치 회복을 위해 3차원 스캐닝과 컴퓨터 수치제어 기술(computer numerical control, 이하 CNC)을 이용하여 유실부의 복원품을 제작하였다. 유실부 복원은 조형적 특성을 기준으로 진행되었으며, 특히 국내 치미에서 휘어짐 현상이 관찰됨에 따라 실제 편의 휘어지는 방향을 토대로 모델링데이터가 자연스럽게 휘어지도록 수차례 수정하였으며 상 하단 문양의 자연스러운 연결과 경계면의 이격이 발생되지 않는 것에 중점을 두어 진행하였다. 이를 통해 3D 스캐닝과 CNC를 접목한 복원 방법은 비접촉식으로 유물에 손상을 주지 않고 작업성과 재현성이 우수하여 유물 복원에 적합함을 확인하였다. 뿐만 아니라, 모델링 데이터는 반영구적으로 사용이 가능한 바, 유물의 특성에 맞게 활용된다면 향후 문화유산 복원분야를 비롯한 사이버 가상 전시, hands-on 전시와 같은 다양한 형태의 전시와 교구 및 기념품 제작 등 다양한 분야에서도 활발히 활용될 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn, H.K., 2017, Utilizing archaeological dataset through the application of 3D printer. The Journal of Korean Field Archaeology, 30, 271. (in Korean with English abstract)
  2. Ahn, J.H. and Kim, C.S., 2016, Digital heritage: 3D documentation and application of cultural heritage. SigmaPress, Seoul, 116. (in Korean)
  3. Buyeo National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, 2017, Baekje Wangheungsa temple: To meet King Chang in the year of rooster Jeongyu. 106-114. (in Korean)
  4. Buyeo National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, 2018, Chimi, ridge-end roof tile. 22-53, 134-135. (in Korean)
  5. Cho, W.C., 2012, Chronology and use place of large-sized chimi at Hwangryongsa site. Prehistory and Ancient History, 36, 43. (in Korean with English abstract)
  6. Cultural Heritage Administration, 2018, Guidelines for the construction of 3D scan data for cultural heritage. 23. (in Korean)
  7. Han, J.H., 2015, Reconstruction of woodblock using 3D scanner and CNC. Master's thesis, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan, 58-65. (in Korean with English abstract)
  8. Hwang, H.S., Shin, Y.H. and Lee, M.H., 2018, Comparative study on the composition components and production age estimation of the ridge-end tiles excavated the Gemgangsa temple site and the formative properties of ridge-end tiles excavated in Korea. The Korean Research Society for Roof Tiles, October 19, 98-104. (in Korean)
  9. Lee, H.S. and Wi, K.C., 2015, Restoration of earthenware & porcelain cultural assets using 3D printing. Journal of Conservation Science, 31(2), 131-145. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.12654/JCS.2015.31.2.06
  10. Lee, H.S., 2016, A study on ceramic restoration using 3D digital technique. Ph. D. dissertation, Hanseo University, Seosan, 65-69. (in Korean with English abstract)
  11. Park, S.H., 2008, A study on the manufacturing method for chimi during the united Shilla period - Focusing on excavated items in Gyeongju area. Master's thesis, Gyeongju University, Gyeongju. (in Korean with English abstract)
  12. Ra, C.H. and Joo, N.C., 1990, A study on the chyme. Joural of the Architectural Institute of Korea, 6(2), 110. (in Korean with English abstract)
  13. Shin, Y.H., Hwang, H.S., Shin, M.H. and Huh, I.K., 2018, Comparative study of the formal features and production techniques of the two ridge-end tiles excavated the Geumgangsa temple site. Conservation Science in Museum, 20, 44. (in Korean with English abstract)