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Analysis and Management Strategies of the Cold Air Characteristics in Hannamgeumbuk-Jeongmaek and Geumbuk-Jeongmaek

한남금북·금북정맥 일대의 찬공기 특성 분석을 통한 청주시 찬공기 관리방안

  • SON, Jeong-Min (Dept. of Landscape Architecture Graduate School, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • EUM, Jeong-Hee (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Kyungpook National University)
  • 손정민 (경북대학교 대학원 조경학과) ;
  • 엄정희 (경북대학교 산림과학.조경학부 조경학전공)
  • Received : 2019.06.03
  • Accepted : 2019.06.24
  • Published : 2019.06.30

Abstract

In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of the cold air generated in Hannamgeumbuk and Geumbuk-Jeongmaek and proposed their management strategies. We also suggested management strategies after analyzing detailed cold airflows for Cheongju located Hannamgeumbuk-Jeongmaek and we compared the degree of nighttime temperature reduction of the Jeongmaek by using data obtained from observatories located on Cheongju. We used KALM(Kaltluftabflussmodell), a cold air simulation model developed in Germanay and identified both cold airflows and altitude of cold air layers generated during 360minutes at night. As a result, the cold airflow generated in the Jeongmaek became strong and the cold air was appeared clearly in the western part of the Hannamgeumbuk-Jeongamek and in the northern part of the Geumbuk-Jeongmaek. The average velocity of cold airflow was recorded at 0.45m/s, and the maximum speed of cold airflow was recorded at 2.70m/s. The average height of the cold air layer was 104.27m/s and the maximum thickness was 255.0m. The average velocity of cold airflows in Cheongju was 0.51m/s and the average height of cold air layer was 48.87m high. The highest degree of nighttime temperature reduction appeared in the Cheongnamdae observatory($-3.8^{\circ}C$), where the altitude of the cold air layer is high. The results showed that cooling effect of Jeongmaek actually affected the temperature reduction during nighttime. Based on the results, we designated the main mountain area of the Jeongmaek with active cold air generation as "cold air conservation areas" and proposed the current forest and topography conservation. We also proposed to designate areas that facilitate the cold airflows as "cold air management areas" and to complement the function of Jeongmaek. This study could support the establishment of systematic management plans of the Jeongmaek. In addition, it is expected that the results can be applied as basic data for ventilation paths of Cheongju.

본 연구는 한남금북정맥과 금북정맥을 대상으로 정맥에서 생성되는 찬공기의 특성을 분석하고 이를 관리하기 위한 방안을 마련하였다. 또한 한남금북정맥에 위치한 청주시를 대상으로 상세 찬공기 흐름을 파악한 후 관리전략을 제안했으며, 청주시 내에 설치된 지상기상관측소의 관측자료를 이용하여 정맥의 야간기온저감 특성을 분석하였다. 찬공기 특성 분석을 위해서 독일에서 개발된 KALM(Kaltluftabflussmodell) 모형을 활용하여 야간 6시간 동안 생성되는 찬공기 흐름 및 풍속, 그리고 찬공기 층 높이를 파악하였다. 분석 결과, 시간이 경과함에 따라 정맥에서 생성되는 찬공기는 강해졌으며, 특히 한남금북정맥의 서쪽과 금북정맥의 북쪽에서 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 찬공기 생성 360분 경과 후에는 평균적으로 약 0.45m/s의 찬공기 풍속이 분석되었으며, 최대 2.70m/s의 풍속이 관찰되었다. 찬공기 층 높이는 평균적으로 104.27m, 최대 255.00m의 두께로 쌓였다. 청주시의 찬공기 흐름의 풍속은 상당구가 0.51m/s로 평균적으로 높게 나타났으며, 찬공기 층의 높이는 흥덕구가 48.87m로 높게 분석되었다. 야간기온저감 효과 분석 결과는 찬공기 층이 높은 청남대관측소($-3.8^{\circ}C$)에서 저감정도가 가장 크게 나타남으로써, 정맥에서 생성된 찬공기의 영향이 야간기온저감에 효과를 미치고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 찬공기 특성 분석 결과를 바탕으로 찬공기 생성이 활발한 정맥의 주요 산지 일대를 '온도조절기능 보전지역'으로 지정하여 현재의 산림 및 지형 보전에 대해 제안했으며, 생성된 찬공기의 흐름을 원활하게 해주는 지역을 '온도조절기능 확대지역'으로 지정하여 정맥의 기능을 보완할 수 있도록 제안하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 한남금북정맥과 금북정맥의 체계적인 관리계획을 수립하고, 향후 청주시의 바람길 계획 수립시 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

Keywords

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FIGURE 1. Study area

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FIGURE 2. Information of study area: Hannamgeumbuk-Jeongmaek and Geumbuk-Jeongmaek

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FIGURE 3. Information of study area: Cheongju-si

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FIGURE 5. Hourly variation in the velocity of the local cold air in Hannamgeumbuk-Jeongmaek and Geumbuk Jeongmaek during six hours after sunset from KALM model simulations

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FIGURE 6 Hourly variation of the altitude of the local cold air layers in the vicinity of Hannamgeumbuk-Jeongmaek and Geumbuk Jeongmaek during six hours after sunset from KALM model simulations

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FIGURE 7. Outline of the local cold airflows in Hannamgeumbuk-Jeongmaek and Geumbuk-Jeongmaek

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FIGURE 8. Detailed local cold airflows of Hannamgeumbuk-Jeongmaek and Geumbuk-Jeongmaek

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FIGURE 9. Average values of the velocity of cold airflow and altitude of cold air layer by administrative districts in Cheongju-si

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FIGURE 10. Outline of the local cold airflows in Cheongju-si

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FIGURE 11. Detailed local cold airflows of Cheongju-si

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FIGURE 12. Hourly variation of observed air temperature in August 2016

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FIGURE 13. The cold air analysis results and location of observatories

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FIGURE 14. Management strategies for preserving and enhancing the local cold air functions in the Hannamgeumbuk-Jeongmaek and Geumbuk-Jeongmaek

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FIGURE 15. Management strategies for preserving and enhancing the local cold air functions in the Cheongju-si

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FIGURE 4. Location of meteorological stations used in this study

TABLE 1. Land cover types and their parameters used in this study (Eum and Son, 2016; Eum, 2019)

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TABLE 2. Information of meteorological stations located in Cheongju-si

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TABLE 3. Hourly average of air temperature data in August 2016

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