The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea (암석학회지)

The Petrological Society of Korea (한국암석학회)
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Magmatic Evolutions based on Compositional Variations with Time in the Maljandeung Tuff, Ulleung Island, Korea

울릉도 말잔등응회암에서 시간에 따른 조성변화에 근거한 마그마 진화

  • Hwang, Sang Koo (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Andong National University) ;
  • Lee, So-Jin (Institute of Basic Science, Andong National University) ;
  • Ahn, Ung San (World Heritage Office, Jeju Special Self-govering Provincial Government)
  • 황상구 (안동대학교 지구환경과학과) ;
  • 이소진 (안동대학교 기초과학연구소) ;
  • 안웅산 (제주특별자치도 세계유산본부)
  • Received : 2019.05.27
  • Accepted : 2019.06.24
  • Published : 2019.06.30
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Abstract

Ulleung Island is the top of an intraplate alkalic volcano rising 3200 m from sea floor in the East Sea (or Sea of Japan). The emergent 984.6 m consist of eruptive products of basaltic, trachytic and phonolitic magmas, which are divided into Dodong Basaltic Rocks, and Ulleung, Seonginbong and Nari groups. The Maljandeung Tuff in the Nari Group consists of thick pyroclastic sequences which are subdivided into 4 members (N-5, U-4, 3, 2), generating from explosive eruptions during past 18.8~5.6 ka B.P. From chemical data, the Member N-5, phonolitic in composition, is considerably enriched in incompatible elements and REE patterns with significant negative Eu anomalies. The members 4, 3 and 2 are phonolitic to tephriphonolitic in composition, and their REE patterns do not have significant Eu anomalies. In variation trend diagrams, many elements show abrupt compositional gaps between members, and gradual upward-mafic variations from phonolite to tephriphonolite within each member. It suggests a downward-mafic zonation that were evolved into phonolitic zone in the lower part to tephriphonolitic zone in upper part of magma chamber. It is supposed that the chemical stratification generated from multiple mechanisms of thermal gravidiffusion, crystal fractionation, and gradual melting and sequential emplacement. The stratified magmas were explosively erupted to generate a small caldera during short period (11 ka B.P.). Especially both members (U-3, 2) were accumulated by gradually erupting from the upper phonoltic zone to the lower tephriphonoltic zone of the stratified chamber in 8.4 ka B.P. and 5.6 ka B.P. time, respectively.

울릉도는 동해의 해저에서 3,200 m 판내 알칼리 화산의 상단부로 해수면 위에 984.6 m 높이로 출현한 섬이다. 이는 대체로 현무암질에서 조면암질과 포놀라이트질 마그마의 분출에 의해 형성되었으며, 도동현무암질암류, 울릉층군, 성인봉층군과 나리층군으로 구분된다. 최후기에 형성된 나리층군 중 말잔등응회암은 약 18.8~5.6 ka B.P.에 폭발적으로 분출하였으며, 4개 멤버(N-5, U-4, 3, 2)로 구성되는 두꺼운 화성쇄설성 층서로 이루어져 있다. 화학적 자료에 의하면, 최하부의 N-5는 포놀라이트질이고 불호정성 원소가 상당히 풍부하고 희토류(REE) 패턴이 뚜렷한 부의 Eu 이상을 나타낸다. 상부의 멤버 U-4, 3 및 2는 포놀라이트질 내지 테프리포놀라이트질이고 REE 패턴이 큰 Eu 이상을 가지지 않는다. 변화 경향도에서 많은 원소들은 멤버들간에 조성적 단절을 보여주며, 각 멤버(특히 U-4, 3 및 2) 내에서는 하부에서 상부로 감에 따라 포놀라이트질에서 테프리포놀라이트질로 점진적으로 고철질 조성이 증가하는 체계적인 변화 양상을 보여준다. 이는 마그마챔버 내에서 마그마 조성이 상부의 포놀라이트질에서 하부의 테프리포놀라이트질로 변화하는 고철질 누대를 형성했음을 지시한다. 이 화학적 성층화는 마그마챔버에서 열중력확산, 결정분별작용과 점진적 용융 및 순차적 정치 등에 의해 복합적 기구로부터 일어났다고 생각된다. 이 성층화 마그마는 짧은 기간(약 11 ka) 동안 폭발적으로 분출되었고 작은 칼데라를 형성하였다. 특히 두 멤버(U-3, 2)는 각각 8.4 ka B.P.와 5.6 ka B.P. 시기에 성층화된 마그마챔버에서 상부의 포놀라이트질 조성대로부터 하부의 테프리포놀라이트질 조성대로 점진적으로 분출됨으로서 축적되었다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Geological map of Ulleung Island (after Hwang et al., 2012).

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Fig. 2. Columnar section for extracaldera pyroclastic sequences of the Maljandeung near Naesujeon hill (A) and Jeodong hill (B).

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Fig. 3. Classification of the volcanic rocks of Nari Group on the total alkali silica (TAS) diagram (from Le Bas et al., 1986).

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Fig. 4. Harker variation diagrams of the major elements versus SiO2 for the Maljandeung Tuff. Symbols are the same as those in Fig. 3.

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Fig. 5. Harker variation diagrams of some trace elements versus Th for the Maljandeung Tuff. Symbols are the same as those in Fig. 3.

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Fig. 6. Trace element variations in the Maljandeung Tuff. Symbols are the same as those in Fig. 3.

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Fig. 7. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns for the Maljandeung Tuff. Symbols are the same as those in Fig. 3.

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Fig. 8. Normalized spider diagram patterns for selected elements for theMaljandeung Tuff. Values are normalized to primordial or Archean mantle from Sun and Nesbitt(1977). Symbols are the same as those in Fig. 3.

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Fig. 9. Variation trend diagram for the major elements of the Maljandeung Tuff. Symbols are the same as those in Fig. 3.

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Fig. 10. Variation trend diagram for the trace and rare earth elements of the Maljandeung Tuff. Symbols are the same as those in Fig. 3.

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Fig. 11. Triangular diagrams for petrotectonic discriminance.

Table 1. Major element compositions (wt.%) for the pumice clasts from the Maljandeung Tuff in Ulleung Island

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Table 2. Trace and rare earth element abundances (ppm) for the pumice clasts from the Maljandeung Tuff in Ulleung Island

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Table 2. Continued

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