Korean Journal of Plant Resources (한국자원식물학회지)

The Plant Resources Society of Korea (한국자원식물학회)
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Antioxidant and Antimelanogenic Effects of Stevia rebaudiana Flower Extract

  • So, Gyeongseop (Department of Herbal Medicine Resource, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Lee, Sung Ryul (Department of Convergence Biomedical Science, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University) ;
  • Kim, Sung Hyeok (Department of Herbal Medicine Resource, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Ha, Chang Woo (Department of Herbal Medicine Resource, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Park, Yuna (Department of Herbal Medicine Resource, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Jang, Sohee (Department of Herbal Medicine Resource, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Bak, Jong Phil (Department of Herbal Medicine Resource, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Koo, Hyun Jung (Department of Medicinal and Industrial Crops, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries) ;
  • Sohn, Eun-Hwa (Department of Herbal Medicine Resource, Kangwon National University)
  • Received : 2019.06.04
  • Accepted : 2019.06.14
  • Published : 2019.06.30
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Abstract

Stevia rebaudiana (Asteraceae), a perennial plant, has been used as a low-calorie sweetener and is being developed as a therapeutic agent for diabetes, hypertension, myocardial diseases, and microbial infections. Despite the common use of its leaves and stem, the bioavailability of the components present in S. rebaudiana flowers, when used as ingredients of cosmetics, has not been well investigated. Herein, we investigated the antioxidative and antimelanogenic effects of an aqueous extract of S. rebaudiana flowers (Stevia-F). Total flavonoid and phenolic content in Stevia-F were determined to be $8.64{\pm}0.23mg$ of quercetin equivalents/100 g and $631.5{\pm}2.01mg$ of gallic acid equivalents/100 g, respectively. The $IC_{50}$ values of Stevia-F for reducing power, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate radical, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide scavenging activities were 5541.96, 131.39, 466.34, and $10.44{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Stevia-F showed inhibitory effects on the tyrosinase ($IC_{50}=134.74{\mu}g/mL$) and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase ($IC_{50}=114.81{\mu}g/mL$) activities. No significant cytotoxicity of Stevia-F was observed in B16F10 cells, treated with up to $100{\mu}g/mL$ of the extract for 24 and 48 h (p > 0.05). Stevia-F ($1-100{\mu}g/mL$) suppressed ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone-induced melanin production in B16F10 cells (p < 0.05) and also inhibited the cellular tyrosinase activity (p < 0.05). Overall, our results show that Stevia-F possesses potential for inhibiting tyrosinase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activities and has significant antioxidant capacity. The antimelanogenic potential of Stevia-F should extend the usage of S. rebaudiana flowers in the development of skin-whitening products.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Antioxidant activities of Stevia-F.

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Fig. 2. Inhibitory effects of Stevia-F on tyrosinase and α-glucosidase activities in cell-free system.

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Fig. 3. Cytotoxicity of Stevia-F on B16F10 melanocytes.

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Fig. 4. Effects of Stevia-F on melanin production and tyrosinase activity in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 cells.

Table 1. Total phenolic and total flavonoid content of Stevia rebaudiana flower extract

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