Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene (한국산업보건학회지)

Korean Industrial Hygiene Association (한국산업보건학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Comparison of PM10 Exposure Characteristics of Swine Farmers by Body Parts using Direct-reading Instrument

직독식 기기를 이용한 양돈작업자의 신체부위별 PM10 노출 특성 비교 연구

  • Received : 2019.04.26
  • Accepted : 2019.06.24
  • Published : 2019.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the personal exposure to $PM_{10}$ by body parts for the development of dust monitoring wearable device for swine farmers. Methods: Tasks were classified by using motion pictures taken by action cameras attached to swine farmers. Concentrations of $PM_{10}$ were measured by attaching direct-reading instruments at the head, neck and waist of worker. Differences of $PM_{10}$ exposure between body parts were analyzed with linear regression. Results: We identified three tasks(vaccination, moving pigs, and manure treatment). $PM_{10}$ concentration during vaccination was the highest among the tasks, and the body part showing the highest concentration of $PM_{10}$ was the waist regardless of task. In all tasks, the closer distance between the body parts, the higher were the R-squared values(vaccination 0.4221, moving pigs 0.6990, and manure treatment 0.2164). Conclusions: We presumed that $PM_{10}$ concentrations were affected by the parts of the body in which they were measured. In order to develop swine farmer's wearable device for monitoring dust concentration in air, the determination of the positions of monitoring sensor to ensure accurate measurement is essential. Considering the results of this study, wearable sensor should be positioned at the waist.

Keywords

SOOSB1_2019_v29n2_159_f0001.png 이미지

Figure 1. Measurement of PM10 using direct-reading instrument

SOOSB1_2019_v29n2_159_f0002.png 이미지

Figure 2. Variation of PM10 concentration on time based among the tasks

SOOSB1_2019_v29n2_159_f0003.png 이미지

Figure 3. Comparison of R2 between body parts(Head-Neck, Neck-Waist, Head-Waist) by tasks

SOOSB1_2019_v29n2_159_f0004.png 이미지

Figure 4. Vaccination in pig room

Table 1. Range and resolution of direct reading instrument for Sidepak

SOOSB1_2019_v29n2_159_t0001.png 이미지

Table 2. Classification of task used an action camera in pig house and measured time

SOOSB1_2019_v29n2_159_t0002.png 이미지

Table 3. Concentration of PM10 in body parts of each task

SOOSB1_2019_v29n2_159_t0003.png 이미지

References

  1. Anurag D, Roy S, Bandyopadhyay S. AGRO-SENSE : Precision agriculture using sensor-based wireless mesh networks. First ITU-T Kaleidoscope Acad Conf 2008. p. 383-388
  2. Bottcher R W. An environmental nuisance : odor concentrated and transported by dust. Chem Senses 2001; 26(3): 327-331 https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/26.3.327
  3. Cambra-lopez M, Torres A G, Aarnink A J A, Ogink N W M. Source analysis of fine and coarse particulate matter from livestock houses. Atmos Environ 2011;45(3): 694-707 (https://doi.org/10.1016 /j.atmosenv.2010.10.018) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.10.018
  4. Chang C W, Chung H, Huang C F, Su H J. Exposure assessment to airborne endotoxin, dust, ammonia, hydro-gen sulfide and carbon dioxide in open style swine houses. Ann OccupHyg 2001; 45(6): 457-465 (https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4878(00)00081-8)
  5. Donham K, Haglind P, Peterson Y, Rylander R, Belin L. Environmental and health studies of farm workers in Swedish swine confinement buildings. Br J Ind Med 1989; 46(1): 31-37
  6. Donham K J, Lange J L, Kline A, Rautiainen R H, Graff L. Prevention of occupational respiratory symptoms among certified safe farm intervention participants prevention of occupational respiratory symptoms among certified safe farm intervention participants. J Agromedicine 2010; 16(1): 40-51 (https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924X.2011.532761)
  7. Donham K J, Scallon L J, Popendorf W, Treuhaft M W, Roberts R C. Characterization of dusts collected from swine confinement buildings. Am Ind Hyg Assoc 1986; 47(7): 404-410 https://doi.org/10.1080/15298668691389955
  8. Fukatsu T &Nanseki T. Monitoring system for farming operations with wearable devices utilized sensor networks. Sensors 2009; 9(8): 6171-6184 (https://doi.org/10.3390/s90806171)
  9. Goller J & Paik N. A Comparison of iron oxide fume inside and outside of welding helmets. Am Ind Hyg Assoc 1985; 46(2): 89-93 https://doi.org/10.1080/15298668591394455
  10. Hagmar L, Schlitzl A, Hallberg T, Sjoholm A. Health effects of exposure to endotoxins and organic dust in poultry slaughter-house workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1990; 62(2): 159-164 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00383592
  11. International Labor Office(ILO). Safety and Health in Agriculture, 2000
  12. Karttunen J P, Rautiainen R H. Distribution and characteristics of occupational injuries and disease amongfarmer: A retrospective analysis of workers' compensation claims. Am J of Ind Med 2013; 56(8):856-869 (https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.22194)
  13. Kim HA, Kim JY, Shin KM, Jo JH, Roque K, et al. Relationship between endotoxin level of in swine farm dust and cellular immunity of husbandry workers. J Korean Soc Occup Environ Hyg 2013; 23(4): 393-401
  14. Kim K, Kim I, Kim H, Lee K, Chae H. A survey on the present state of occurrence of safety accidents and safety and health management levels among swine farmers. J Environ Heal Sci 2014; 40(5): 413-424
  15. Kowalska M, Mainka A, Mucha W. The usefulness of an optical monitor for the assessment of human exposure to fine dust in indoor air. Med Pr 2019;70(2): 213-20 (https://doi.org/10.13075/mp.5893.00780)
  16. Lee CY, Park GJ, Lee Y H. Growth environments analysis and control technologies for the increasing of the mushroom productivity based on ICT. J People Plants Environ 2014; 17(87): 351-356 https://doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2014.17.5.351
  17. Mishra R K, Hubble L J, Mart A, Kumar R, Bar A, Kim J, et al. Wearable flexible and stretchable glovebiosensor for on-site detection of organophosphorus chemical threats. Am Chem Soc 2017; 2(4): 553-561 (https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.7b00051)
  18. Nugroho A P, Okayasu T, Inoue E, Hirai Y, Mitsuoka M. Development of actuation framework for agricultural informatization supporting system. IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2013; 46(4): 181-186 (https://doi.org/0.3182/20130327-3-JP-3017.00041) https://doi.org/10.3182/20130327-3-jp-3017.00041
  19. Oh IH, Kim WG, Lee HS. An air cleaning efficiencies of wet air cleaner in the swine finishing winch curtain stall. J. Lives & Env 2008; 14(2): 75-80
  20. Olson D K, Bark S M. Health hazards affecting the animal confinement farm worker. AAOHN J 1996; 44(4):198-204 https://doi.org/10.1177/216507999604400408
  21. Paik JM, Kim KY. Comparison of dust exposure levels among farmers with and without feeding. J Korean Soc of Occup Environ Hyg 2013; 23(2): 103-107
  22. Patil P A, Jagyasit B G, Ravalt J, Warke N, Vaidya P P. Design and development of wearable sensor textile for precision agriculture. ACS Sensors 2015. p. 1-6
  23. Smartfarm. http://smartfarmkorea.net
  24. Song XY, Lu QC, and Peng ZR. Spatial distribution of fine particulate matter in underground passageways. Int Jouranl Environ Res and Public Heal 2018; 15(8): 1574 (https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081574)
  25. Takai H, Pedersen, S, Johnsen J O, Metz J H M, Groot Koerkamp P W G, et al. Concentrations and emissions of airborne dust in livestock buildings in Northern Europe. J Agri Eng Res, 1998; 70(1): 59-77(https://doi.org/10.1006/jaer.1997.0280)
  26. Viegas S, Mateus V, Almeida-Silva M, Carolino E. Occupational exposure to particulate matter and respiratory symptoms in portuguese swine barn workers. J Toxicol Environ heal Part 2013; 76(17): 1007-1014(https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2013.831720)
  27. Von E S &Donham Kelley. Illness and injury in animal confinement workers. Occup Med 1999; 14(2):337-350
  28. Wunschel, J, & Poole, J A. Occupational agriculture organic dust exposure and its relationship to asthma and airway inflammation in adults. J ashthma 2016;53(5): 471-477 (https://doi.org/10.3109/02770903.2015.1116089)
  29. Xu, W, Zheng, K., Meng, L, Liu, X, Hartung, E, et al. Concentrations and emissions of particulate matter from intensive pig production at a large farm in North China. Aerosol and Air Qual Res 2016; 16(1):79-90(https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2015.02.0078)
  30. Zakaria M F, Ezani E, Hassan N, Ramli N A, Wahab M I A. Traffic-Related Air Pollution(TRAP), air quality perception and respiratory health symptoms of active commuters in a university outdoor environment. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 2019; 228(1): 012017(https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/228/1/012017)