Korean Journal of Environmental Biology (환경생물)

Korean Society of Environmental Biology (한국환경생물학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The influence of chemical water quality on fish trophic guilds, pollution tolerance, and multi-metric ecological health in the main streams of Mangyeong River

만경강 본류의 어류 트로픽 길드, 오염 내성도 및 다변수 생태건강도에 대한 화학적 수질영향

  • Na, Hyun-Hee (Department of Biological Science, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Sang-Jae (Chemical Safety Division, Saemangeum Regional Environmental Office) ;
  • An, Kwang-Guk (Department of Biological Science, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University)
  • 나현희 (충남대학교 생명시스템과학대학 생물과학과) ;
  • 이상재 (새만금지방환경청) ;
  • 안광국 (충남대학교 생명시스템과학대학 생물과학과)
  • Received : 2018.11.22
  • Accepted : 2019.02.15
  • Published : 2019.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to analyze the influence of chemical water quality on fish guilds, pollution tolerance and the multi-metric ecological health, based on the Fish Assessment Index (FAI) in the main stream of Mangyeong River between 2009-2016. The quality of water with specific conductivity, TP, and $NH_4-N$ got worse dramatically in the down region. During the study, a total of 50 species were collected and the most dominant species was Zacco platypus. Also known as tolerant species, accounted 22.9% of the total abundances, thus indicating a trophic degradation. The downstream region (S5) had the highest number of fish external abnormalities, indicating a degradation of ecological health, based on the fish assemblages. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that relative abundance of tolerant fish species and omnivore fish species had a significant positive correlation(r>0.30, p<0.05) with values of BOD, conductivity and $NH_4-N$. Whereas, the relative abundance of the sensitive species and insectivore species had a significant negative relations (r<-0.30, p<0.001) with the parameters. The mean obtained from the multi-metric fish model, based on the FAI of all sites was 47 (n=40). This indicated a "fair condition" in the ecological health, and the downstream regions (S3-S5) were judged as "bad condition", indicating an influence of the chemical degradation on the ecological health.

본 연구에서는 만경강 본류에서 2009~2016년 동안 어류의 트로픽 길드, 오염도, 내성도 및 어류평가지수(Fish Assessment Index; FAI)에 기반을 둔 다변수 생태건강도에 대한 화학적 수질 영향을 분석하였다. 수질 지표로서 전기전도도, 총인(TP) 및 암모니아성 질소($NH_4-N$) 농도는 최하류지점에서 가장 악화되는 것으로 나타났다. 어류현장 조사 결과, 8년간 만경강 본류에서는 총 14과 50종이 채집되었으며, 우점종은 내성종으로 잘 알려진 피라미(Zacco platypus)로서 22.9%를 차지하여 트로픽 특성의 악화현상을 보였고, 최류역에서는 비정상어종의 상대빈도가 가장 높게 나타나 생태교란이 아주 심각한 것으로 나타났다. Pearson 상관도 분석에 따르면, 내성어종 및 잡식어종의 상대빈도는 전기전도도, BOD 및 $NH_4-N$와 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계(r>0.30, p<0.05)를 보였고, 민감어종 및 충식어종의 상대빈도는 이들 변수들과 유의한 역상관 관계(r<-0.3, p<0.01)를 보였다. 어류 다변수 모델(FAI)을 이용한 생태건강도로서 평가된 FAI 모델 값은 평균 47(n=40)로서 건강도는 "보통상태(C)"로서 나타났고, 하류역(S3~S5) 지역에서 모델값은 모두 "나쁜상태(D)"로 나타나 수질악화에 의한 영향으로 평가되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. An KG and EH Lee. 2006. Ecological health assessments of Yoogu Stream using a fish community metric model. Korean J. Limnol. 39:310-319.
  2. An KG, SH Jung and SS Choi. 2001a. An evaluation on health conditions of Pyong-Chang River using the Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) and Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index. Korean J. Limnol. 34:153-165.
  3. An KG, DH Yeom and SK Lee. 2001b. Rapid bioassessments of Kap Stream using the Index of Biological Integrity. Korean J. Environ. Biol. 19:261-269.
  4. Bae DY and KG An. 2006. Stream ecosystem assessments, based on a biological multimetric parameter model and water chemistry analysis. Korean J. Limnol. 39:198-208.
  5. Barbour MT, J Gerritsen, BD Snyder and JB Stribling. 1999. Rapid bioassessment protocols for use in streams and wadeable rivers: periphyton, benthic macroinvertebrates and fish. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington.
  6. Cho WH. 2003. A study on the water quality of agricultural effluent and pollution loadings in the Mankyung River basin. J. Korean Soc. Environ. Technol. 4:141-149.
  7. Hwang SW. 2006. Occurrence patterns and habitat use of fishes in the Geum River and the Mangyeong River estuaries. Ph.D. dissertation, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea. pp. 1-144.
  8. Jeon YL. 2010. Biological evaluation of water quality of tributary stream to main course of Mankyeong River based on community analysis of benthic macroinvertebrates. MD. dissertation, Wonkwang University, Iksan. pp. 1-85.
  9. Jones JPG, FB Andriahajaina and NJ Hockley. 2005. A multidisciplinary approach to assessing the sustainability of freshwater crayfish harvesting in Madagascar. Conserv. Biol. 19:1863-1871. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00269.x-i1
  10. Karr JR and DR Dudlry. 1981. Ecological perspectives on water quality goals. Environ. Manage. 5:55-68. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01866609
  11. Karr JR. 1981. Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities. Fisheries 6:21-27. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(1981)006<0021:AOBIUF>2.0.CO;2
  12. Kim BM and CL Lee. 1998. A study on the fish community from the Mangyong River system. Korean J. Limnol. 31:191-203.
  13. Kim IS and JY Park. 2002. Freshwater Fishes of Korea. Kyohaksa Publishing Co., Seoul. pp. 30-428.
  14. Kim SA. 2016. Characteristics of physico-chemical water quality characteristics in Mankyung river watershed and stream ecosystem health assessments by a multimetric fish model and community analysis. MD. dissertation. Chungnam National University, Daejeon. pp. 1-28.
  15. Kim SH, HT Cheon and KH Cho. 2015. Fish community structure of the former channel isolated by channelization in the Mangyeong River, Korea: Implications for connectivity restoration. Ecol. Resil. Infrastruct. 2:22-32. https://doi.org/10.17820/eri.2015.2.1.022
  16. Kim SJ, GS Jeon, YT Jeon and CH Won. 2013. A study of GIS utilization for nonpoint source pollution management around Man-Gyoung Watershed. J. Korean Soc. Environ. Technol. 14:285-292.
  17. Kim SM, YR Yu and YK Park. 2017. Estimation of non-point source load by agricultural drainage system in Mankyung River basin. J. Korean Soc. Environ. Technol. 18:391-400.
  18. Lee DJ. 2006. Fundamental investigation for long-term ecological monitoring on community of benthic macroinvertebrates in Wetland Woopo. MD. dissertation. Changwon University, Chanwon. pp. 1-51.
  19. Lee HW and SS Park. 2008. Long-term trend analyses of water qualities in Mangyung Watershed. J. Korean Soc. Water Qual. 24:480-487.
  20. Lee JS, GB Jung, JH Kim, SG Yun, WI Kim and JD Shin. 2004. Evaluation of water quality with BOD at Mankyeong and Dongjin River basins. Korean J. Environ. Agric. 23:81-84. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2004.23.2.081
  21. Lee KB, JC Kim, JG Kim, DB Lee, CW Park and JD Kim. 2005. Assessment of pollutant loads for water enhancement in the Mankyeong River. Korean J. Environ. Agric. 24:83-90. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2005.24.2.083
  22. Lee SJ, HS Park and KG An. 2017. Preliminary environmental impact assessments on fish compositions and the ecological health of Jeokbyeok River on the road construction of Muju-Geumsan Region. J. Environ. Impact Assess. 26:27-43. https://doi.org/10.14249/eia.2017.26.1.27
  23. Lee WO, KH Kim, JH Kim and KE Hong. 2008. Study of freshwater fish fauna and distribution of introduced species of Mankyeong River, Korea. Korean J. Ichthyol. 20:198-209.
  24. ME. 2016a. Biomonitoring Survey and Assessment Manual. Ministry of Environment, Korea. pp. 67-80.
  25. ME. 2016b. Study on the freshwater fish kill at municipal stream. Watershed Ecology Research Team, Water Environment Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Korea. pp. 1-24.
  26. Moon WK, JH Han and KG An. 2010. Fish fauna and community analysis in Heuck Stream watershed. Korean J. Limnol. 43:69-81.
  27. Nelson JS. 1994. Fishes of the World (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, New York. p. 600.
  28. Oh YC, ND Lee and JG Kim. 2004. The evaluation of water quality in the Mankyung River using multivariate analysis. J. Environ. Sci. 13:233-244.
  29. Ohio EPA. 1989. Biological criteria for the protection of aquatic life. Vol. III, Standardized biological field sampling and laboratory method for assessing fish and macroinvertebrate communities. Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Columbus. pp. 1-66.
  30. Park HM, EH Lee and KG An. 2009. Analysis of fish guild compositions and total mercury contents of fish tissues in analysis in Mangyeong River. Korean J. Limnol. 42:172-182.
  31. Ryu BS and CY Lee. 2013. Prediction of water quality at the inlet of Saemangeum Bay by using non-point sources runoff simulation in the Mankyeong River watershed. J. Korean Soc. Water Wastewater 27:761-770. https://doi.org/10.11001/jksww.2013.27.6.761
  32. Sanders RE, RJ Milter, CO Yondr and ET Rankin. 1999. The use of external deformities, erosion, lesions, and tumors in fish assemblages for characterizing aquatic resources: a case study of seven Ohio streams. pp. 225-245. In Assessing the Sustainability and Biological Integrity of Water Resources using Fish Communities, Simon TP (ed.). CRC Press.
  33. Shin HS. 2009. Assessment of water quality in the Mangyeong- River watershed using livestock discharge load reduction. MD. dissertation. Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju. pp. 1-70.
  34. Spellerberg IF. 1991. Monitoring Ecological Change. Cambridge University Press. pp. 334.
  35. Strahler AN. 1957. Quantitative analysis of watershed geomorphology. Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 38:913-920. https://doi.org/10.1029/TR038i006p00913
  36. US EPA. 1991. Technical support document for water quality-based toxic control. EPA 505-2-90-001. Office of water, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D.C. pp. 1-145.
  37. US EPA. 1993. Fish field and laboratory methods for evaluating the biological integrity of surface waters. EPA 600-R-92-111. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio. pp. 1-368.
  38. Yeom DH, KG An, YP Hong and SK Lee. 2000. Assessment of an Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) using fish assemblages in Keum-Ho River, Korea. Korean J. Environ Biol. 18:215-226.
  39. Yun SG, JS Lee, GB Jung, MK Kim, SJ Kim, MH Koh and KC Eom. 2002. Evaluation of water quality characteristics on tributaries of Mankyeong River watershed. Korean J. Environ. Agric. 21:237-242. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2002.21.4.237