한국농림기상학회지 (Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology)

  • 제21권3호
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  • Pages.135-145
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  • 2019
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  • 1229-5671(pISSN)
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  • 2288-1859(eISSN)
한국농림기상학회 (Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology)
권호 표지
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장기 관측 에디 플럭스 자료의 연속성 확보에 대하여: 개회로 및 봉폐회로 기체분석기의 야외 상호 비교

On Securing Continuity of Long-Term Observational Eddy Flux Data: Field Intercomparison between Open- and Enclosed-Path Gas Analyzers

  • 강민석 (국가농림기상센터) ;
  • 김준 (서울대학교 협동과정 농림기상학전공) ;
  • 양현영 (서울대학교 협동과정 농림기상학전공) ;
  • 임종환 (국립산림과학원 기후변화생태과) ;
  • 천정화 (국립산람과학원 연구기획과) ;
  • 문민규 (보스턴대학교 지구환경학부)
  • Kang, Minseok (National Center for AgroMeteorology) ;
  • Kim, Joon (Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural & Forest Meteorology, Seoul National University) ;
  • Yang, Hyunyoung (Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural & Forest Meteorology, Seoul National University) ;
  • Lim, Jong-Hwan (Forest Ecology & Climate Change Division, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Chun, Jung-Hwa (Research Planning & Coordination Division, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Moon, Minkyu (Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University)
  • 투고 : 2019.09.16
  • 심사 : 2019.09.27
  • 발행 : 2019.09.30
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초록

장기간 관측된 자료를 기반으로 그 시계열의 장주기나 경향을 분석할 때 선행되어야 할 조건은 과거에 관측된 자료와 현재에 관측된 자료가 비교 가능해야 한다는 점이다. 이러한 자료의 연속성을 확보하기 위해서는 장기 관측에 사용된 기기들 간에 호환성이 보장되어야 한다. 우리나라에서 가장 긴 에디 공분산 플럭스 관측 역사를 가지고 있는 광릉 활엽수림에서 다양한 기체분석기가 플럭스 관측에 사용된 가운데, 2015년 7월 과거 10년 이상 사용되었던 개회로 기체 분석기(Model LI-7500, LI-COR, Inc.)에서 봉폐회로 기체분석기(Model EC155, Campbell Scientific, Inc.)로 교체되었다. 기체분석기가 완전히 교체되기 전 두 기체분석기로 동시에 관측되었던 2015년 8월부터 12월까지 5개월의 기간 동안 모은 이산화탄소와 수증기(잠열) 플럭스를 서로 비교해보았다. 이산화탄소 플럭스는 일평균기온이 영상이었던 시기에 기체분석기 간의 큰 차이는 없었으나, 영하로 떨어지면서 개회로 기체분석기의 경우 기기에서 발생하는 열 때문에 이산화탄소 플럭스가 양의 값(이산화탄소 발원)에서 0 또는 음의 값(이산화탄소 중립 또는 흡원)으로 편향됨이 확인되었다. 잠열 플럭스는 봉폐회로 기체분석기에서 관측된 값이 주파수 반응 보정을 통해 수증기의 튜브 감쇄 효과를 보정하였음에도 불구하고, 개회로 기체분석기에서 관측된 값보다 평균적으로 9% 정도 작았으며, 5개월 동안 적산 시 20% 이상 차이(봉폐회로: 166 mm, 개회로 211 mm)났다. 본 연구결과는 광릉 활엽수림에서 관측된 장기 플럭스 자료 분석 시, 개회로 기체분석기의 겨울철 가열 효과에 대한 추가적인 공기밀도 보정의 필요성과 함께 봉폐회로 기체분석기에서 나타나는 잠열 플럭스의 과소평가 경향에 대한 이해가 수반되어야 함을 시사한다.

Analysis of a long cycle or a trend of time series data based on a long-term observation would require comparability between data observed in the past and the present. In the present study, we proposed an approach to ensure the compatibility among the instruments used for the long-term observation, which would allow to secure continuity of the data. An open-path gas analyzer (Model LI-7500, LI-COR, Inc., USA) has been used for eddy covariance flux measurement in the Gwangneung deciduous forest for more than 10 years. The open-path gas analyzer was replaced by an enclosed-path gas analyzer (Model EC155, Campbell Scientific, Inc., USA) in July 2015. Before completely replacing the gas analyzer, the carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and latent heat fluxes were collected using both gas analyzers simultaneously during a five-month period from August to December in 2015. It was found that the $CO_2$ fluxes were not significantly different between the gas analyzers under the condition that the daily mean temperature was higher than $0^{\circ}C$. However, the $CO_2$ flux measured by the open-path gas analyzer was negatively biased (from positive sign, i.e., carbon source, to 0 or negative sign, i.e., carbon neutral or sink) due to the instrument surface heating under the condition that the daily mean temperature was lower than $0^{\circ}C$. Despite applying the frequency response correction associated with tube attenuation of water vapor, the latent heat flux measured by the enclosed-path gas analyzer was on average 9% smaller than that measured by the open-path gas analyzer, which resulted in >20% difference of the sums over the study period. These results indicated that application of the additional air density correction would be needed due to the instrument heat and analysis of the long-term observational flux data would be facilitated by understanding the underestimation tendency of latent heat flux measurements by an enclosed-path gas analyzer.

키워드

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