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Investigation of PWR Spent Fuels for the Design of a Deep Geological Repository

심층처분시스템 설계를 위한 경수로 사용후핵연료 현황 분석

  • Received : 2019.08.26
  • Accepted : 2019.09.18
  • Published : 2019.09.30

Abstract

Based on the $8^{th}$ Basic Plan for Electric Power Demand and Supply, an estimation has been made for inventories and characteristics of spent fuel (SF) to be generated from existing and planned nuclear power plants. The characteristics under consideration in this study are dimensions, fuel array, $^{235}U$ enrichment, discharge burnup, and cooling time for each fuel assembly. These are essentially needed for designing a disposal facility for SFs. It appears that the anticipated quantity by the end of 2082 is about 62,500 assemblies for PWR SFs. The inventories of Westinghouse-type and Korean-type SFs were revealed to be 60% and 40%, respectively as of the end of 2018. The proportion of SFs with initial $^{235}U$ enrichment below 4.5 weight percent (wt%) was shown to be approximately 90% in total as of the end of 2018. As of 2077, more than 97% of SFs generated from Westinghouse-type nuclear reactors were shown to have cooling time of over 50 years. As of 2125, more than 98% of SFs generated from Korean-type nuclear reactors were shown to have cooling time of over 45 years. Based on these results, for the efficient design of a disposal system, it is reasonable to adopt two types of reference spent fuel. SF of KSFA with $^{235}U$ enrichment of 4.5 wt%, discharge burnup of 55 GWd/tU, and cooling time of 50 years was determined as reference fuel for Westinghouse-type SFs; SF of PLUS7 with $^{235}U$ enrichment of 4.5 wt%, discharge burnup of 55 GWd/tU, and cooling time of 45 years was determined as reference fuel for Korean-type SFs.

제8차 전력수급기본계획에 근거하여 현재 운영중이거나 계획중인 원자력발전소에서 발생할 사용후핵연료의 양과 특성을 추정하였다. 본 연구에서 고려된 특성은 핵연료집합체에 대한 제원, 핵연료봉 배열, $^{235}U$ 초기 농축도, 방출연소도, 냉각기간이다. 이들은 사용후핵연료 처분시스템을 설계하는데 필수적인 항목이다. 2082년까지 가압경수로 사용후핵연료의 예상발생량은 약 62,500 다발로 추정되었다. 2018년 말까지 발생한 사용후핵연료 중 상대적으로 길이가 짧은 웨스팅하우스형 원전연료가 약 60%, 상대적으로 길이가 50 cm 정도 긴 한국형 원전 연료가 약 40%를 차지하였다. $^{235}U$ 초기 농축도 4.5 wt% 이하를 갖는 사용후핵연료의 비율은 전체 발생량의 약 90%를 차지하였으며, 방출연소도는 98%의 물량이 55 GWd/tU 이하로 나타났다. 2077년을 기준으로 웨스팅하우스형 원전에서 발생한 사용후핵연료의 냉각기간은 50년 이상이 97% 정도를 차지하였으며, 본 논문에서 가정한 처분 완료시점인 2125년을 기준으로 한국형 원전에서 발생한 사용후핵연료의 냉각기간은 45년 이상이 98% 정도를 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 효율적인 처분시스템 설계를 위해 기준 사용후 핵연료는 제원적 특성을 고려하여 두 가지 형태로 설정하였으며, 웨스팅하우스형 원전 연료의 경우, 집합체 제원으로 KSFA, 초기 농축도 4.5 wt%, 방출연소도 55 GWd/tU, 냉각기간 50년으로, 한국형 원전 연료의 경우, 집합체 제원으로 PLUS7, 초기 농축도 4.5 wt%, 방출연소도 55 GWd/tU, 냉각기간 45년으로 설정하였다.

Keywords

References

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  1. 국내 원자력발전소에서의 사용후핵연료 발생 특성을 고려한 심층 처분시스템 개선 vol.17, pp.4, 2019, https://doi.org/10.7733/jnfcwt.2019.17.4.405