Economic and Environmental Geology (자원환경지질)

The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental Geology (대한자원환경지질학회)
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Basin Evolution of the Taebaeksan Basin during the Early Paleozoic

전기 고생대 태백산분지의 분지 진화

  • 권이균 (공주대학교 지질환경과학과) ;
  • 권유진 (공주대학교 지질환경과학과) ;
  • 여정민 (공주대학교 지질환경과학과) ;
  • 이창윤 (한국지질자원연구원 석유해저연구본부)
  • Received : 2019.10.24
  • Accepted : 2019.10.29
  • Published : 2019.10.28
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Abstract

This study reconstructed the paleoenvironments and paleogeography of the Taebaeksan Basin, through a review of the previous researches on sedimentology, paleontology and stratigraphy. This study also carried out a sequence stratigraphic analysis on regional tectonism and sea-level fluctuations on the basin during the Early Paleozoic. The basin broadly occur in the Taebaek, Yeongweol-Jecheon, Jeongseon-Pyeongchang, and Mungyeong areas, Gangwon province, South Korea. The basin-fills are composed mainly of mixed carbonates and siliciclastics, divided into the Taebaek, Yeongweol, Yongtan, Pyeongchang and Mungyeong groups according to lithologies and stratigraphic characteristics. Recently, there are a lot of studies on the provenance and depositional ages of the siliciclastic sequences of the basin. The detrital sediments of the basin would be derived from two separated provenances of the core-Gondwana and Sino-Korean cratons. In the Early Cambrian, the Taebaek and Jeongseon-Pyeongchang platforms have most likely received detrital sediments from the provenance of the Sino-Korean craton. On the other hand, the detrital sediments of the Yeongweol-Jecheon platform was probably sourced by those of the core-Gondwana craton. This separation of provenance can be interpreted as the result of the paleogeographic and paleotopographic separation of the Yeongweol-Jecheon platform from the Taebaek and Jeongseon-Pyeongchang platforms. The analyses on detrital zircons additionally reveal that the separation of provenance was ceased by the eustatic rise of sea-level during the Middle Cambrian, and the detrital sediments of the Taebaeksan Basin were entirely supplied from those of the core-Gondwana craton. During that period, sediment supply from the Sino-Korean craton would be restricted due to inundation of the provenance area of the craton. On the other hand, the Jeongseon-Pyeongchang platform sequences show the unconformable relationship between the Early Cambrian siliciclastic and the Early Ordovician carbonate strata. It is indicative of presence of regional uplift movements around the platform which would be to the extent offset of the effects of the Middle to Late Cambrian eustatic sealevel rise. These movements expanded and were reinforced across the basin in the latest Cambrian and earliest Ordovician. After the earliest Ordovician, the basin was tectonically stabilized, and the shallow marine carbonate environments were developed on the whole-platform by the Early Ordovician global eustatic sea-level rise, forming very thick carbonate strata in the basin. In the Late Ordovician, the Early Paleozoic sedimentation on the basin was terminated by the large-scale tectonic uplift across the Sino-Korean platform including the Taebaeksan Basin.

본 연구는 최근 수행된 퇴적층서학 및 고생물학적 연구결과를 종합하고, 새롭게 분석된 자료를 보강하여, 전기 고생대 태백산분지의 고환경과 고지리를 복원하였다. 또한 순차층서학적 방법을 사용하여 조구조적 운동과 해수면 변동을 추적하여 종합적인 분지해석을 수행하였다. 태백산분지는 태백, 정선-평창, 영월-제천, 문경 지역에 넓게 분포하고 있으며, 암상 및 층서 특성에 따라 태백, 영월, 용탄, 평창, 문경 층군으로 구분되어 조사 및 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 태백산분지의 퇴적체는 탄산염암과 규산쇄설성 퇴적암이 혼합되어 있는데, 최근 쇄설성 퇴적물의 기원과 퇴적 연대에 대한 연구가 집중적으로 이루어졌다. 태백산분지에 공급되는 쇄설성 퇴적물의 근원지는 크게 곤드와나지괴와 한중지괴 기원지로 나누어진다. 태백산분지의 형성 초기에 태백대지와 정선-평창대지는 주로 한중지괴 기원지로부터 퇴적물을 공급 받았으며, 영월-제천 대지는 지리적 혹은 지형적 분리에 의해 한중지괴의 영향이 차단되고, 주로 곤드와나지괴 기원지로부터 퇴적층을 공급받았다. 쇄설성 저어콘 분석 결과는 중기 캠브리아 시기의 전 지구적 해수면 상승으로 인해 태백산분지 전체적으로 곤드와나지괴 기원의 퇴적물이 공급되었으며, 한중지괴 기원의 퇴적물은 공급이 멈추었음을 보여주고 있다. 한편, 태백산분지의 북쪽에 분포하는 정선-평창 대지의 퇴적체는 전기 캠브리아기와 오르도비스기 지층사이에 부정합 관계를 보여주고 있는데, 이것은 중기-후기 캠브리아 시기에 전 지구적 해수면 상승효과를 상쇄할 규모의 지역적 융기 운동이 정선-평창 대지 인근에서 존재했음을 보여준다. 이러한 융기운동은 최후기 캠브리아기와 최전기 오르도비스기에 태백산 분지 전역으로 확대되었다. 최전기 오르도비스기 이후에 태백산 분지는 조구조적으로 안정화되었고, 분지 전체적으로 해수면이 상승하면서 천해 탄산염 퇴적환경이 조성되어 두꺼운 탄산염암이 형성되었다. 전기 고생대 태백산분지의 퇴적작용은 후기 오르도비스기 동안 태백산분지와 한중지괴 전역에서 발생한 융기운동에 의해 종료되었다.

Keywords

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