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Outbreak of Fire Blight of Apple and Asian Pear in 2015-2019 in Korea

2015-2019년 국내 과수 화상병 발생

  • Ham, Hyeonheui (Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Young-Kee (Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kong, Hyun Gi (Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Hong, Seong Jun (Disaster Management Division, Extension Service Bureau, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Kyong Jae (Disaster Management Division, Extension Service Bureau, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Oh, Ga-Ram (Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Mi-Hyun (Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Yong Hwan (Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration)
  • 함현희 (국립농업과학원 작물보호과) ;
  • 이영기 (국립농업과학원 작물보호과) ;
  • 공현기 (국립농업과학원 작물보호과) ;
  • 홍성준 (농촌진흥청농촌지원국 재해대응과) ;
  • 이경재 (농촌진흥청농촌지원국 재해대응과) ;
  • 오가람 (국립농업과학원 작물보호과) ;
  • 이미현 (국립농업과학원 작물보호과) ;
  • 이용환 (국립농업과학원 작물보호과)
  • Received : 2020.08.31
  • Accepted : 2020.10.13
  • Published : 2020.12.31

Abstract

Erwinia amylovora, a causal bacterium of fire blight disease, is registered as a prohibited quarantine pathogen in Korea. To control the disease, the government should diagnose the disease, dig and bury the host trees when fire blight occurs. Fire blight was the first reported in 43 orchards of Anseong, Cheonan, and Jecheon in 2015, and 42.9 ha of host trees were eradicated. However, the disease spread to eleven cities, so that 348 orchards and 260.4 ha of host trees were eradicated until 2019. Fire blight of Asian pear occurred mainly in the southern part of Gyeonggi, and Chungnam province, on average of 29±9.2 orchards per year. And the age of the infected trees were mostly 20-30 years old. In apple trees, the disease occurred mainly in the northern part of Gyeonggi, Gangwon, and Chungbuk province, on average of 41±57.6 orchards per year, increased highly in 2018 and 2019. The age of infected apple trees were under 20 years old. Therefore, because the disease spread rapidly in young apple trees, spraying control agents to the trees in a timely manner and removing infected trees quickly are important to prevent the spread of fire blight in the orchard of immature trees.

과수 화상병을 일으키는 Erwinia amylovora는 국내에서 금지병원균으로 지정되어 화상병 발생 시, 중앙 정부의 진단을 근거로 기주를 매몰하는 공적 방제가 실시되고 있다. 국내 과수 화상병은 2015년 안성, 천안 및 제천의 43농가에서 발생하여 42.9 ha를 매몰한 것을 시작으로, 2019년 발생 지역이 11개 시군으로 확산되었으며, 총 348농가 260.4 ha가 매몰되었다. 배나무 화상병은 주로 경기남부와 충남에서 발생되었고, 발생 건수가 연평균 29±9.2건으로 매년 비교적 고르게 발생되었으며 20-30년생 과수에서 발병 비율이 가장 높았다. 반면, 사과나무 화상병은 주로 경기북부, 강원, 충북에서 발생되었고, 발생 건수가 연평균 41±57.6건으로 2018-2019년 발생건수가 크게 증가하였으며, 20년 이하의 과수의 발병 비율이 높았다. 국내 과수 화상병은 어린 사과나무에서 병의 확산이 빠르므로, 특히 미성숙 과수가 식재된 과원에서는 화상병이 발병하지 않도록 약제를 적기에 살포하는 등 예방을 철저히 하고, 발병 시 신속히 방제해야 한다.

Keywords

References

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