Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회지)

Korean Society of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on the Spatial Information and Location Environment of Dead Coniferous Tree in Subalpine Zone in Jirisan National Park -Focus on Korean Fir(Abies koreana) in Banyabong, Yeongsinbong, Cheonwangbong-

지리산국립공원 아고산대 침엽수 고사개체 공간정보 구축 및 입지환경 분석 - 반야봉, 영신봉, 천왕봉 일원 구상나무를 중심으로-

  • Received : 2019.07.10
  • Accepted : 2020.02.04
  • Published : 2020.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the rate of increase and spread patterns of dead trees of the conifer (Abies koreana and others) in subalpine zones by using the high-resolution aerial images in Jirisan National Park around 10 years ago. Furthermore, factors affecting the death of conifer were identified by analyzing the altitude, topographical information, solar radiation, and moisture environment of the site where the dead trees are located. The number of dead trees per unit area increased by two to five times in the Banyabong peak, Yeongsinbong peak, and Cheonwangbong peak in Jirisan National Park over the past decade. The increase was about 2 times in the Banyabong peak, about 3.9 times in the Yeongsinbong peak, and about 5.2 times in the Cheonwangbong peak, indicating the most notable increase in the Cheonwangbong peak. It is estimated that dead trees commonly occurred in the environments where the soil moisture content was low due to the high slope, amount of evaporation was high due to strong solar radiation as the location faced south, and the soil was dry due to strong solar radiation and short rain retention time. In other words, dead conifer trees in subalpine zones were concentrated in dry location environments, and the tendency was the same more than ten years ago.

지리산국립공원 내 자생하는 아고산대 침엽수(구상나무 등)의 주요 분포지를 대상으로 약 10년 전·후의 고해상도 항공영상을 활용해 고사목 증가량, 확산패턴 등을 분석하고자 하였다. 나아가 침엽수 고사목이 위치한 지점의 해발고도, 지형정보, 일사량, 수분환경 등을 분석하여 고사에 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단되는 입지요인을 파악하였다. 지리산국립공원 반야봉, 영신봉, 천왕봉 지역 모두 최근 10여 년간 아고산대 침엽수 고사목 개체수가 2~5배 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 반야봉은 약 2배, 영신봉은 약 3.9배, 천왕봉은 약 5.2배 증가한 것으로 나타나 천왕봉 지역의 증가세가 비교적 빠른 것으로 확인되었다. 높은 경사도로 토양수분함량이 낮고, 남향에 위치하여 높은 일사량으로 증발산량이 많은 건조 환경, 이에 더해 태양광에 의한 강한 일사량 및 강우의 체류시간이 짧아 토양이 건조할 것으로 추정되는 입지환경에 고사목이 주로 분포하는 것으로 판단된다. 즉, 건조한 입지환경에서 아고산대 침엽수 고사가 집중되고 있는 것으로 판단되며, 10여 년 전과 비교해도 동일한 경향이 이어지고 있는 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn, U.S., D.S. Kim, Y.S. Yun, S.H. Ko, K.S. Kim and I.S. Cho(2019) Theinference about the cause of death of Korean Fir in Mt. Halla through the analysis of spatial dying pattern - Proposing the possibility of excess soil moisture by climate changes -. Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 21(1): 1-28. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.5532/KJAFM.2019.21.1.1
  2. Allen, C.D. and D.D. Breshears(2007) Climate${\tau}$induced forest dieback as an emergent global phenomenon. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 88(47): 504-504. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007EO470008
  3. Allen, C.D., A.K. Macalady, H. Chenchouni, D. Bachelet, N. McDowell, M. Vennetier, T. Kitzberger, A. Rigling, D.D. Breshears, E.H. Hogg, P. Gonzalez, R. Fensham, Z. Zhang, J. Castro, N. Demidova, J.H. Lim, G. Allard, S.W. Running, A. Semerci and N. Cobb(2010) A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests. Forest Ecology and Management 259(4):660-684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.001
  4. Anderegg, W.R., T. Klein, M. Bartlett, L. Sack, A.F. Pellegrini, B. Choat and S. Jansen(2016) Meta-analysis reveals that hydraulic traits explain cross-species patterns of drought-induced tree mortality across the globe. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113(18): 5024-5029. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1525678113
  5. Bennie, J., B. Huntley, A. Wiltshire, M.O. Hill and R. Baxter(2008) Slope, aspect and climate: Spatially explicit and implicit models of topographic microclimate in chalk grassland. Ecological Modelling 216(1): 4759.
  6. Burnett, B.N., G.A. Meyer and L.D. McFadden(2008) Aspect related microclimatic influences on slope forms and processes, northeastern Arizona. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 113(F3).
  7. Chaneton, E.J. and R.S. Lavado(1996) Soil nutrients and salinity after long-term grazing exclusion in a flooding Pampa grassland. Rangeland Ecology & Management/Journal of Range Management Archives 49(2): 182-187. https://doi.org/10.2307/4002692
  8. Chun, Y.M., J.K. Ahn, M.P. Hong, J.T. Shin, H.J. Won and S.H. Lee(2011) Structure and dynamics of Abies nephrolepis community in Odaesan National Park. Geogr. J. Kor. 45(4):559-570. (in Korean with English abstract)
  9. D'Amore, D. and P.E. Hennon(2006) Evaluation of soil saturation, soil chemistry, and early spring soil and air temperatures as risk factors in yellow-cedar decline. Global Change Biology 12(3):524-545. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01101.x
  10. Fensham, R.J., R.J. Fairfax and D.P. Ward(2009) Drought induced tree death in savanna. Global Change Biology 15(2): 380-387. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01718.x
  11. Frelich, L.E. and P.B. Reich(2010) Will environmental changes reinforce the impact of global warming on the prairie forest border of central North America? Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 8(7): 371-378. https://doi.org/10.1890/080191
  12. Hong, M.P.(2004) Ecological studies on the forest Vegetation of Mt. Seorak. Ph. D. Thesis, Konkuk University, Seoul, 263pp. (in Korean with English abstract)
  13. Isard, S.A.(1986) Factors influencing soil moisture and plant community distribution on Niwot Ridge, Front Range, Colorado, USA. Arctic and Alpine Research 18(1): 83-96. https://doi.org/10.2307/1551216
  14. Kang, S.J.(1984) Regeneration Process of Subalpine Coniferous Forest in Mt. Jiri. Journal of Ecology and Environment 7(4):185-193. (in Korean with English abstract)
  15. Kim, E.S.(1994) Decline of tree growth and the changes of environmental factors on high altitude mountains. The Korea Science and Engineering Foundation Research Report KOSEF921-1500-081-2, 89pp. (in Korean with English abstract)
  16. Kim, G.T. and G.C. Choo(1999) Studies on the structure of forest community in subalpine zone of Togyusan: Abies koreana forest. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 13(1): 70-77. (in Korean with English abstract)
  17. Kim, G.T.(2000) Studies on the structure of abies koreana forest community at subalpine zone area. Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 14(1): 28-37.
  18. Kim, G.T., G.C. Choo and G.J. Baek(1998) Studies on the structure of forest community in subalpine zone of Mt. Halla: Abies koreana forest. Kor. For. Soc. 87(3): 366-371. (in Korean with English abstract)
  19. Kim, G.T., G.C. Choo and T.W. Um(1996) Studies on the structure of forest community at Turobong-Sangwangbong area: Abies nephrolepis and Taxus cuspidata forest. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 10(1):160-168. (in Korean with English abstract)
  20. Kim, J.D., G.E. Park, J.H. Lim and C.W. Yun(2018) The change of seedling emergence of abies koreana and altitudinal species composition in the subalpine zrea of Mt. Jiri over Short-Term(2015-2017). Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 32(3): 313-322. https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2018.32.3.313
  21. Kim, J.K., J.G. Koh, H.T. Yim and D.S. Kim(2017) Changes of spatial distribution of Korean fir forest in Mt. Hallasan for the past 10 Years(2006, 2015). Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 31(6):549-556. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2017.31.6.549
  22. Kong, W.S.(2002) Species composition and distribution of Korean alpine plants. Journal of the Korean Geographical Society 37:357-370. (in Korean with English abstract)
  23. Kong, W.S.(2006) Biogeography of native Korean pinaceae. Journal of the Korean Geographical Society, 41. (in Korean with English abstract)
  24. Koo, K.A., W.K. Park and W.S. Kong(2001) Dendrochronological analysis of Abies koreana W. at Mt. Halla, Korea: Effects of climate change on the growths. Kor. J. Ecol. 24(5): 281-288. (in Korean with English abstract)
  25. Korea National Park Research Institute(KNPRI)(2017) Monitoring of ecosystems related to climate change in National Park, Korea, 211pp. (in Korean)
  26. Korea National Park Research Institute(KNPRI)(2018) Monitoring of ecosystems related to climate change in National Park, Korea, 351pp. (in Korean)
  27. Korea National Park Research Institute(KNPRI)(2019) Monitoring of ecosystems related to climate change in National Park, Korea, 355pp. (in Korean)
  28. Lee, H.H., S.K. Ha, S.O. Hur, K.H. Jung, W.T. Kim and K.H. Kim(2006) Characteristics of soil water runoff and percolation in sloped land with different soil textures. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fer. 39(5): 268-273. (in Korean with English abstract)
  29. Lee, H.Y.(2013) The Phytosociological Characteristics of Abies nephrolepis Commuity and Population Dynamics as Climate Condition Changes in Mt. Seorak, Korea. Ph.D. Thesis, Dongguk University, Seoul, 181pp. (in Korean with English abstract)
  30. Lee, Y.W. and S.C. Hong(1995) Ecological studies on the vegetational characteristics of the abies koreana forest. Journal of Korean Forestry Society 84(2): 247-257. (in Korean with English abstract)
  31. Lim, J.H., S.Y. Woo, M.J. Kwon, J.H. Chun and J.H. Shin(2006) Phytosynthetic capacity and water use efficiency under different temperature regimes on healthy and declining Korean Fir in Mt. Halla. Jour. Kor. For. Soc. 95(6): 705-710. (in Korean with English abstract)
  32. Liu, H., S. He, O.A. Anenkhonov, G. Hu, D.V. Sandanov and N. K. Badmaeva(2012) Topography${\tau}$controlled soil water content and the coexistence of forest and steppe in Northern China. Physical Geography 33(6): 561-573. https://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3646.33.6.561
  33. NIE(National Institute Ecology) (2014) Subalpine Conifer Forest Communities. 136pp.
  34. Noh, I., J.M. Chung, T.W. Kim, S. Tamirat and H.S. Moon(2018) The ecological characteristics by slope of an abies koreana forest in Seseok of Jirisan National Park. Journal of Climate Change Research 9(3): 293-302. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.15531/KSCCR.2018.9.3.293
  35. Oh, K.K., Y.K. Jee and S.G. Park(2000) Dynamic patterns of abies koreana population in Chirisan National Park -Central of east area in Chirisan National Park-. Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 13(4):330-339. (in Korean with English abstract)
  36. Park, H.C., H.Y. Lee, N.Y. Lee, H. Lee and J.Y. Song(2019) Survey on the distribution of evergreen conifers in the major national park: A case study on Seoraksan, Odaesan, Taebaeksan, Sobaeksan, Deogyusan, Jirisan National Park. Journal of National Park Research 10(2): 1-8.
  37. Park, W.K. and H.W. Seo(1999) A dendroclimatic analysis on abies koreana in Cheonwang-bong area of Mt. Chiri, Korea. The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research 13(1): 25-33. (in Korean with English abstract)
  38. Silvertown, J., Y. Araya and D. Gowing(2015) Hydrological niches in terrestrial plant communities: A review. Journal of Ecology 103(1): 93-108. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12332
  39. Song, K.M., J. Kim, Y.J. Kang, H.S. Choi, S.C. Jung, S.Y. Lee, J.H. Lee, J.G. Koh, J.G. Kim, K.H. Lee, Y.P. Hong, J.H. Lm and C.S. Kim(2016) Korea Fir Hallasan Mountain, Why Are They Dying?. National Institute of Forest Service. (in Korean with English)
  40. Western, A.W., R.B. Grayson, G. Bloschl, G.R. Willgoose and T.A. McMahon(1999) Observed spatial organization of soil moisture and its relation to terrain indices. Water Resources Research 35(3): 797-810. https://doi.org/10.1029/1998WR900065
  41. Wilson, J.P. and J.C. Gallant(2000) Terrain analysis: Principles and applications. Wiley, New York, USA.
  42. Xiang, X., X. Wu, X. Chen, Q. Song and X. Xue(2017) Integrating topography and soil properties for spatial soil moisture storage modeling. Water 9(9): 647. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9090647