Geomechanics and Engineering

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Ground support performance in deep underground mine with large anisotropic deformation using calibrated numerical simulation (case of mine-H)

  • Hu, Bo (School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University) ;
  • Sharifzadeh, Mostafa (Department of Mining Engineering, Western Australian School of Mines, Curtin University) ;
  • Feng, Xia-Ting (Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines, Northeastern University) ;
  • Talebi, Roo (Northern Star Resources Ltd) ;
  • Lou, Jin-Fu (Mining and Designing Branch, China Coal Research Institute)
  • Received : 2019.12.02
  • Accepted : 2020.05.16
  • Published : 2020.06.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

High-stress and complex geological conditions impose great challenges to maintain excavation stability during deep underground mining. In this research, large anisotropic deformation and its management by support system at a deep underground mine in Western Australia were simulated through three-dimensional finite-difference model. The ubiquitous-joint model was used and calibrated in FLAC3D to reproduce the deformation and failure characteristics of the excavation based on the field monitoring results. After modeling verification, the roles of mining depth also the intercept angle between excavation axis and foliation orientation on the deformation and damage were studied. Based on the results, quantitative relationships between key factors and damage classifications were presented, which can be used as an engineering tool. Subsequently, the performance of support system installation sequences was simulated and compared at four different scenarios. The results show that, first surface support and then reinforcement installation can obtain a better controlling effect. Finally, the influence of bolt spacing and ring spacing were also discussed. The outcomes obtained in this research may play a meaningful reference for facing the challenges in thin-bedded or foliated ground conditions.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work is finically supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51874175; No. 51974145), the Project of Young Talents in Science and Technology of the Department of Education of Liaoning Province (LJ2019QL005), Key Scientific Research Project of Inner Mongolia Universities (NJZZ20300), and National Natural Science Foundation of China the 111 Project under grant no: 51839003 and B17009.

References

  1. Aksoy, C.O., Aksoy, G.G.U., Guney, A., Ozacar, V. and Yaman, H.E. (2020), "Influence of time-dependency on elastic rock properties under constant load and its effect on tunnel stability", Geomech. Eng., 20(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.20.1.001.
  2. Bagheripour, M.H., Rahgozar, R., Pashnesaz, H. and Malekinejad, M. (2011), "A complement to Hoek-Brown failure criterion for strength prediction in anisotropic rock", Geomech. Eng., 3(1), 61-81. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2011.3.1.061.
  3. Barla, G., Bonini, M. and Semeraro, M. (2011b), "Analysis of the behaviour of a yield-control support system in squeezing rock", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Technol., 26(1), 146-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2010.08.001.
  4. Barla, G., Debernardi, D. and Sterpi, D. (2011a), "Time-dependent modeling of tunnels in squeezing conditions", Int. J. Geomech., 12(6), 697-710. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000163.
  5. Eftekhari, A. and Aalianvari, A. (2019), "An overview of several techniques employed to overcome squeezing in mechanized tunnels; A case study", Geomech. Eng., 18(2), 215-224. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2019.18.2.215.
  6. Itasca Consulting Group Inc. (2012), FLAC3D-Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua (Version 5.0), Itasca, Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.A.
  7. Karampinos, E. and Hadjigeorgiou, J. (2017), "Quantifying the influence of structure, rock mass strength and mining development of drives in squeezing ground", Min. Technol., 127(4),177-194. https://doi.org/10.1080/14749009.2017.1409983.
  8. Kazakidis, V.N. (2002), "Confinement effects and energy balance analyses for buckling failure under eccentric loading conditions", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 35(2), 115-126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s006030200015.
  9. Kolymbas, D., Fellin, W. and Kirsch, A. (2006), "Squeezing due to stress relaxation in foliated rock", Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech., 30(13), 1357-1367. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.530.
  10. Manh, H.T., Sulem, J., Subrin, D. and Billaux, D. (2015), "Anisotropic time-dependent modeling of tunnel excavation in squeezing ground", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 48(6), 2301-2317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-015-0717-y.
  11. Meguid, M.A. and Rowe, R.K. (2006), "Stability of D-shaped tunnels in a Mohr-Coulomb material under anisotropic stress conditions", Can. Geotech. J., 43(3), 273-281. https://doi.org/10.1139/T06-004.
  12. Sainsbury, B.L. and Sainsbury, D.P. (2017), "Practical use of the ubiquitous-joint constitutive model for the simulation of anisotropic rock masses", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 50(6), 1507-1528. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-017-1177-3.
  13. Sandy, M., Sharrock, G., Albrecht, J. and Vakili, A. (2010), "Managing the transition from low-stress to high-stress conditions", Proceedings of the 2nd Australasian Ground Control in Mining Conference, Sydney, Australia, November.
  14. Sandy, M.P., Gibson, W. and Gaudreau, D. (2007), "Canadian and Australian ground support practices in high deformation environments", Proceedings of the 4th International Seminar on Deep and High Stress Mining, Perth, Australia, November.
  15. Saw, H., Villaescusa, E., Windsor, C.R. and Thompson, A.G. (2013), "Laboratory testing of steel fibre reinforced shotcrete", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 57, 167-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2012.08.008.
  16. Schubert, W. and Mendez, J.M.D. (2017), "Influence of foliation orientation on tunnel behavior", Procedia Eng., 191, 880-885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.05.257.
  17. Singh, M., Singh, B. and Choudhari, J. (2007), "Critical strain and squeezing of rock mass in tunnels", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Technol., 22, 343-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2006.06.005.
  18. Stephenson, R.M. and Sandy, M.P. (2017), "Ground control methods in squeezing and rockburst-prone ground in mining- case studies and benchmarking", Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Deep and High Stress Mining, Perth, Australia, March.
  19. Vakili, A., Albrecht, J. and Sandy, M. (2014), "Rock strength anisotropy and its importance in underground geotechnical design", Proceedings of the AusRock 2014, 2nd Australasian Ground Control in Mining Conference, New South Wales, Australia, November.
  20. Vu, T.M., Sulem, J., Subrin, D., Monin, N. and Lascols, J. (2013), "Anisotropic closure in squeezing rocks: The example of Saint-Martin-Ia-Porte access gallery", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 46(2), 231-246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-012-0320-4.
  21. Watson, J.M., Vakili, A. and Jakubowski, M. (2015), "Rock strength anisotropy in high stress conditions: A case study for application to shaft stability assessments", Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica, 37(1), 115-125. https://doi.org/10.1515/sgem-2015-0013.
  22. Wu, K. and Shao, Z.S. (2019a), "Visco-elastic analysis on the effect of flexible layer on mechanical behavior of tunnels", Int. J. Appl. Mech., 11(3), 1950027. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1758825119500273.
  23. Wu, K. and Shao, Z.S. (2019b), "Study on the effect of flexible layer on support structures of tunnel excavated in viscoelastic rocks", J. Eng. Mech., 145(10), 04019077. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001657.
  24. Wu, K., Shao, Z.S., Qin, S. and Li, B.X. (2020), "Determination of deformation mechanism and countermeasures in silty clay tunnel", J. Perform. Construct. Facil., 34(1), 04019095. htps://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001381.
  25. Yadav, P. and Sharan, S. (2019), "Numerical investigation of squeezing in underground hard rock mines", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 52(4), 1211-1229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-018-1632-9.
  26. Yao, W.L., Sharifzadeh, M., Yang, Z., Xu, G. and Fang, Z.G. (2019), "Assessment of fracture characteristics controlling fluid flow performance in discrete fracture networks (DFN)", J. Petrol. Sci. Eng., 178, 1104-1111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2019.04.011.