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The Membrane Society of Korea (한국막학회)
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Membrane-based Direct Air Capture Technologies

분리막을 이용한 공기 중 이산화탄소 제거 기술

  • Received : 2020.06.11
  • Accepted : 2020.06.18
  • Published : 2020.06.30
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Abstract

As the demand for fossil fuels continues to increase worldwide, carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the air has increased over the centuries. The way to reduce CO2 emissions to the atmosphere, carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technology have been developed that can be applied to power plants and factories, which are primary emission sources. According to the climate change mitigation policy, direct air capture (DAC) in air, referred to as "negative emission" technology, has a low CO2 concentration of 0.04%, so it is focused on adsorbent research, unlike conventional CCS technology. In the DAC field, chemical adsorbents using CO2 absorption, solid absorbents, amine-functionalized materials, and ion exchange resins have been studied. Since the absorbent-based technology requires a high-temperature heat treatment process according to the absorbent regeneration, the membrane-based CO2 capture system has a great potential Membrane-based system is also expected for indoor CO2 ventilation systems and immediate CO2 supply to smart farming systems. CO2 capture efficiency should be improved through efficient process design and material performance improvement.

전 세계 화석 연료 사용이 지속적으로 증가함에 따라 공기 중 이산화탄소(CO2) 농도가 수 세기에 걸쳐 증가하고 있다. 대기로의 CO2 배출을 줄이기 위한 방법으로, 주요 배출원인 발전소와 공장에 적용할 수 있는 이산화탄소 포집 및 저장(carbon capture and sequestration, CCS) 기술이 개발되고 있다. 기후 변화 완화 정책에 따라 negative emission 기술로 언급되는 공기 중 CO2 직접 포집 기술(direct air capture, DAC)은 CO2 농도가 0.04%로 매우 낮기 때문에 기존의 CCS 기술에 적용된 기술과 달리 흡착제를 이용한 저농도 CO2 포집 연구에 집중되어 있다. DAC 분야는 주로 CO2의 흡착을 이용한 습식 흡착제, 건식 흡착제, 아민 기능화된 소재, 이온교환 수지 등이 연구되었다. 흡착제 기반 기술은 흡착제 재생에 따른 고온 열처리 공정이 필요하기 때문에 추가적인 에너지 소모가 없는 분리막 기반의 공기 중 CO2 포집 기술의 잠재력이 크다. 분리막은 특히 실내 공기 CO2 저감 환기 시스템 및 실내용 스마트팜(smart farm) 시스템의 연속적인 CO2 공급에 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. CO2 처리 기술은 기후 변화를 완화하기 위한 수단으로 개발이 지속되어야 하며 효율적인 공정 설계와 소재 성능 향상을 통해 공기 중 CO2 포집의 효율을 높일 수 있을 것이다.

Keywords

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