Journal of Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회논문집)

Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Analysis of influence on water quality and harmful algal blooms due to weir gate control in the Nakdong River, Geum River, and Yeongsan River

낙동강, 금강 및 영산강 가동보 운영이 수질 및 녹조현상에 미치는 영향 분석

  • Seo, Dongil (Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Kim, Jaeyoung (Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Kim, Jinsoo (Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungnam National University)
  • Received : 2020.05.30
  • Accepted : 2020.09.01
  • Published : 2020.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

A 3-Dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model was applied to evaluate the effects of weir gate operations on water quality and harmful algal bloom (HAB) occurrences at selected locations in the Nakdong River, Geum River, and Yeongsan River. For the Geum River and Yeongsan River, when the gates are left open, annual and summer Chl-a and HABs were decreased at upstream locations, Sejong Weir and Seungchon Weir, but summer average concentrations of Chl-a and HABs were increased at downstream locations, Baekje Weir and Juksan Weir. For the open scenario, the reduced hydraulic residence time in the upper stream areas of the Geum River and Yeongsan River would allow less available time for nutrient consumption that would result in higher dissolved inorganic phosphorus concentrations followed by higher algal growth in the downstream areas. However, in the case of the Nakdong River, both annual and summer Chl-a and HABs were increased in all locations for the open scenario. This condition seems to be resulted in due to increased light availability by reduced water depths. Changes in Chl-a and HABs occurrences due to the water gate control in the study sites are different due to differences in physical, chemical, and biological conditions in each location.

우리나라 4대강 사업에 의해 건설된 낙동강의 달성보와 함안보, 금강의 세종보와 백제보, 영산강의 송촌보와 죽산보를 대상으로 3차원 수리-수질모델을 이용하여 가동보 운영에 따른 수질 및 녹조 현상 예측 결과를 비교 분석하였다. 가동보를 전면 개방하였을 때, 금강과 영산강에서는 상류에 위치한 세종보와 승촌보에서 연중 및 하절기 Chl-a 농도와 남조류 농도가 감소되는 것으로 예측되었으나, 하류에 위치하는 백제보와 죽산보에서는 하절기에 모두 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. 금강과 영산강에서 수문이 닫힌 경우, 상류에서는 체류시간이 증가하여 조류가 성장에 필요한 용존성 무기인을 충분히 섭취하면서 조류 농도가 증가하지만, 하류에서는 용존성 무기인이 고갈되어 상대적으로 조류의 성장이 제한되는 현상이 발생하는 것으로 분석된다. 반면 낙동강의 달성보 및 함안보에서는 연평균과 하절기 평균 농도가 모두 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 낙동강에서는 금강과 영산강과 같이 용존성 무기인의 농도가 심각하게 증가하지 않은 반면 수문 개방으로 수심이 감소함에 따라 조류가 이용하는 평균 광량이 증가하면서, 조류의 성장이 증가한 것으로 분석된다. 결과적으로 수문을 전면 개방 또는 폐쇄하였을 경우, 녹조현상 발생 특성은 위치에 따라 수리학적 체류시간, 용존성 무기인 농도 및 수위변화에 따른 광량의 변화 등에 의해 서로 다르게 나타나는 것으로 분석된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Bae, S., and Seo, D. (2018), "Analysis and modeling of algal bloom occurrences in the Nakdong River." Ecological Modelling, Vol. 372, pp. 53-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2018.01.019
  2. Bowie, G.L., Mills, W.B., Porcella, D.B., Campbell, C.C., Pagenkopf, J.R., Rupp, G.L.,Johnson, K.M., Chan, R.W.H., Gherini, S.A., and Chamberlin, C.E. (1985). Rates, constants and kinetics formulations in surface water quality modeling, 2nd ed. US EPA, Athens, G.A., U.S.
  3. Chapra, S.C. (1997). Surface water-quality modeling. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., N.Y., U.S.
  4. Chapra, S.C., Boehlert, B., Fant, C., Bierman Jr, V.J., Henderson, J., Mills, D., Mas, D.M., Rennels, L., Jantarasami, L., and Martinich, J. (2017). "Climate change impacts on harmful algal blooms in US freshwaters: A screening-level assessment." Environmental science & technology, Vol. 51, No. 16, pp. 8933-8943. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b01498
  5. Chen, J., and Pan, G. (2012). "Harmful algal blooms mitigation using clay/soil/sand modified with xanthan and calcium hydroxide." Journal of applied phycology, Vol. 24, No.5, pp. 1183-1189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-011-9751-7
  6. Codd, G.A., Morrison, L.F., and Metcalf, J.S. (2005). "Cyanobacterial toxins: Risk management for health protection." Toxicology and applied pharmacology, Vol. 203, No. 3, pp. 264-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2004.02.016
  7. Cole, T.M., and Wells, S.A. (2006). CE-QUAL-W2: A two-dimensional, laterally averaged, hydrodynamic and water quality model, version 3.5. Instruction Report EL-06-1. US Army Engineering and Research Development Center, Vicksburg, M.S, U.S.
  8. Cooke, G.D., Welch, E.B., Peterson, S., and Nichols, S.A. (2016). Restoration and management of lakes and reservoirs. CRC press, F.L., U.S.
  9. Di Toro, D.M., O'Connor, D.J., and Thomann, R.V. (1971). A dynamic model of the phytoplankton population in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. ACS Publications, Washington, D.C., U.S.
  10. Gore, J.A., and Petts, G.E. (1989). Alternatives in regulated river management. CRC Press, F.L., U.S.
  11. Graham, J.L., Dubrovsky, N.M., Foster, G.M., King, L.R., Loftin, K.A., Rosen, B.H., and Stelzer, E.A. (2020). "Cyanotoxin occurrence in large rivers of the United States." Inland Waters, Vol 10, No.1, pp. 109-117. https://doi.org/10.1080/20442041.2019.1700749
  12. Hamrick, J.M. (1992). A three-dimensional environmental fluid dynamics computer code: theoretical and computational aspects. In: Special Report. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, V.A., U,S., p. 317.
  13. Heo, W.-M., and Kim, B. (2004). "The effect of artificial destratification on phytoplankton in a reservoir." Hydrobiologia, Vol. 524, No.1, pp. 229-239. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000036142.74589.a4
  14. Joo, G., and Jeong, K. (2005). Modelling community changes of cyanobacteria in a flow regulated river (the lower Nakdong River, S. Korea) by means of a Self-Organizing Map (SOM). Modelling Community Structure in Freshwater Ecosystems. Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 273-287.
  15. Kim, D.M., Park, H.S., and Chung, S.W. (2016). "Application of EFDC model to an agricultural reservoir for assessing the effect of point source bypassing." Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers, Vol. 58, No. 6, pp. 9-21. https://doi.org/10.5389/KSAE.2016.58.6.009
  16. Kim, J., Lee, T., and Seo, D. (2017). "Algal bloom prediction of the lower Han River, Korea using the EFDC hydrodynamic and water quality model." Ecological Modeling, Vol. 366, pp. 27-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.10.015
  17. Kim. J., Kim J., and Seo, D. (2020), "Effect of major pollution sources on algal blooms in the Seungchon weir and Juksan weir in the Yeongsan River using EFDC." Journal of Korea Water Resources Association, KWRA, Vol. 53, No. 5, pp. 369-381. https://doi.org/10.3741/JKWRA.2020.53.5.369
  18. Kim, J.S., Seo, I.W., and Baek, D. (2018). "Modeling spatial variability of harmful algal bloom in regulated rivers using a depthaveraged 2D numerical model." Journal of Hydro-environment Research, Vol. 20, pp. 63-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jher.2018.04.008
  19. Kim, Y.I., and Kim, K.S. (2018). "Evaluation of EFDC Model reproducibility of flow rate and water-quality constituents in upper Anseong Stream." Journal of the Korean Society for Environmental Technology, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 46-57. https://doi.org/10.26511/JKSET.19.1.6
  20. Ministry of Environment (ME), Investigation Committee for the 4 Major River Restoration (2019). Report on the water gate opening monitoring results analysis for 16 weirs in the 4 major rivers ('17.6 -'19.6).
  21. National Institute of Environment Research (NIER). (2011). Development of 3-D, time-variable hydrodynamic and water quality model for the water quality forecasting. National Institute of Environment Research.
  22. National Institute of Environment Research (NIER). (2014). "An advanced research on the water quality forecasting system and the numerical models (II)." National Institute of Environment Research.
  23. Odum, E.P., and Barrett, G.W. (1971). Fundamentals of ecology, Saunders Philadelphia, P.A., U.S.
  24. Rao, N.R.H., Yap, R., Whittaker, M., Stuetz, R.M., Jefferson, B., Peirson, W.L., Granville, A.M., and Henderson, R.K. (2018). "The role of algal organic matter in the separation of algae and cyanobacteria using the novel "Posi" -Dissolved air flotation process." Water research, Vol. 130, pp. 20-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.049
  25. Redfield, A.C., Ketchum, B.H., and Richards, F.A. (1963) "The influence of organisms on the composition of the sea water." The Sea, Vol. 2, pp. 26-77.
  26. Schonach, P., Tapio, P., Holmroos, H., Horppila, J., Niemisto, J., Nygren, N.A., Tammeorg, O., and Massa, I. (2017). "Persistency of artificial aeration at hypertrophic Lake Tuusulanjärvi: A sociohistorical analysis." Ambio, Vol. 46, No. 8, pp. 865-877. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-017-0926-6
  27. Seo, D., Kim, M., and Ahn, J. (2012) "Prediction of Chlorophyll-a changes due to weir constructions in the Nakdong River using EFDC-WASP modelling." Environmental Engineering Research, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 90-95.
  28. Shin, C.M., Kim, D., and Song, Y. (2019). "Analysis of hydraulic characteristics of Yeongsan River and estuary using EFDC model." Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, Vol. 35, No. 6, pp. 580-588. https://doi.org/10.15681/KSWE.2019.35.6.580
  29. Shin, C.M., Na, E.H., Park, J.D., Park, J.H., Lee, S.W., Jeong, J.H., Rhew, D.H., and Jeong, D.I. (2008). Application of parameters and coefficients of river water quality model for TMDL plan in Korea. NIERNO. 2008-29-979, National Institute of Environmental Research.
  30. Smith, V.H. (2003). "Eutrophication of freshwater and coastal marine ecosystems a global problem." Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 126-139. https://doi.org/10.1065/espr2002.12.142
  31. Srinivasan, R., and Sorial, G.A. (2011). "Treatment of taste and odor causing compounds 2-methyl isoborneol and geosmin in drinking water: A critical review." Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(10)60367-1
  32. Steele, J.H. (1965). "Notes on some theoretical problems in production ecology." Primary production in aquatic environments, Edited by Goldman, C.R., University of California Press, Berkeley, C.A., U.S.
  33. Thomann, R.V., and Mueller, J.A. (1987). Principles of surface water quality modeling and control. Harper & Row Publishers, N.Y., U.S.
  34. Wool, T.A., Ambrose, R.B., Martin, J.L., Comer, E.A., and Tech, T. (2006). Water quality analysis simulation program (WASP). User's Manual, Version 6.0, USEPA Environmental Research Laboratory, Athens, G.A., U.S.
  35. Yun, Y., Jang, E., Park, H.S., and Chung, S.W. (2018). "Evaluation of eutrophication and control alternatives in Sejong weir using EFDC model." Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment, Vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 548-561. https://doi.org/10.14249/EIA.2018.27.6.548
  36. Zhou, Q., Li, L., Huang, L., Guo, L., and Song, L. (2018). "Combining hydrogen peroxide addition with sunlight regulation to control algal blooms." Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 2239-2247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0659-x