Journal of Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회논문집)

Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회)
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Improvement of agricultural water demand estimation focusing on paddy water demand

논용수 수요량 산정을 중심으로 한 농업용수 수요량 산정방법의 개선

  • Park, Chang Kun (Department of Civil Engineering, Catholic Kwandong University) ;
  • Hwang, Junshik (Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeungnam University) ;
  • Seo, Yongwon (Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University)
  • 박창근 (가톨릭관동대학교 토목공학과) ;
  • 황준식 (영남대학교 공과대학 공업기술연구소) ;
  • 서용원 (영남대학교 공과대학 건설시스템공학과)
  • Received : 2020.05.13
  • Accepted : 2020.09.08
  • Published : 2020.11.30
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Abstract

Currently, the demand for farmland is steadily decreasing due to changes in the agricultural environment and dietary life. In line with this, the government adopted an integrated water management with the enactment of the Framework Act on Water Management on June 2019. Therefore, it is required to take a closer look at agricultural water demand that accounts for 61% of water use for efficient water resources management. In this study, the overal process was evaluated for estimating agricultural water demand. More specifically, agricultural water demand for paddy field, which comprises 67% to 87% of agricultural water demand, was reviewed in detail. The biggest issue in estimating the paddy field water demand is the selection of the method for potential evapotranspiration. FAO recommends Penman-Monteith, but, currently, our criteria suggest a modified Penman equation that shows over estimation. Also, the crop coefficient, which is the main factor in evaluating evapotranspiration, has an issue that does not consider the current climate and crop varieties because it was developed 23 years ago. Comparing the Modified Penman and Penman-Monteith equations using the data from Jeonju National Weather Service, the modified Penman equation showed a big difference compared to the Penman-Monteith equation. When the crop coefficient was applied, the difference between late May and late August increased, where the amount of evapotranspiration was high. The estimation process was applied to four study reservoirs in Gimje. Comparing the estimated water demand with the supplied water record from reservoirs, the results showed that the estimation accuracy depends on not just the potential evapotranspiration, but also the standard water storing level in paddy fields.

현재 농업환경 및 식생활 변화 등으로 인하여 농지 수요는 꾸준히 감소하고 있다. 이러한 현상과 맞물려 정부에서는 2019년 6월에 물관리기본법을 제정함으로써 지속가능한 통합 물 관리시대를 본격화 하고 있다. 따라서 효율적인 통합 물 관리를 실현하기 위해서는 61%라는 가장 많은 용수를 사용하고 있는 농업용수에 대한 면밀한 검토가 이루어져야 할 시점이다. 금회 연구에서는 현재 농업용수 사용량 현황을 분석함과 동시에 농업용수 중 67% ~ 87%의 비율을 차지하고 있는 논 용수 산정법을 검토한 후 문제점을 분석하였다. 논 용수 산정방법의 가장 큰 문제점은 잠재증발산량 산정식 선정에 있다. 현재 사용하고 있는 잠재증발산량 방법은 식량농업기구(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nationns: FAO)에서 권장하고 있는 Penman-Monteith 식이 아닌 과거부터 사용되고 있는 수정 Penman 식이다. 또한 실제 증발산량 산정의 주요 인자인 작물계수는 23년 전의 작물계수를 이용함으로써 현재 기후 및 작물품종 변화를 반영할 수 없다는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 전주기상청의 자료를 이용하여 Penman 및 Penman-Monteith 식을 비교한 결과 수정 Penman 식이 Penma-Monteith 식에 비하여 2배 이상의 큰 값을 보였다. 작물계수를 적용할 경우 증발산량이 높게 발생되는 5월 하순에서 8월 하순까지 두 산정방식에 의한 결과 차이가 크게 나타났다. 또한 전북 김제지역 4개 농업용 저수지 용수공급량 자료를 이용하여 실제 사용량과 산정된 농업용수 수요량을 비교 검토하였다. 잠재증발산량 뿐 아니라 담수심법에 따라 최적 수요량 산정방법에는 차이를 보였다.

Keywords

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