Effects of the Korean Mistletoe Hot-Water Extract on the Lipid Components and Blood Pressure Level in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

한국산 겨우살이 열수추출액이 본태성 고혈압쥐의 지질성분 및 혈압 저하에 미치는 영향

  • Kim, Han-Soo (School of Applied Life Science, Pusan National University)
  • 김한수 (부산대학교 생명응용과학부)
  • Published : 2006.09.30

Abstract

This study was designed to observe the effects of Korean mistletoe(Viscum album L. var. coloratum Ohwi) hot-water extract administration on the improvement on the lipid components, apolipoprotein and blood pressure level in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, Wistar strain, male) fed the experimental diets for 33 days. Concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol and atheroscieotic index in serum were significantly lower in the Korean mistletoe extract administration group [group KM(Korean mistletoe 10.0 g% hot-water extract)] than those in the control group. In the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration Korean mistletoe 10.0% hot-water extract administration group were higher percentage than in the control group. However, concentrations of total cholesterol and TG in liver and brain were significantly lower in the group KM than those in the control group. But the components of apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I and Apo A-II in serum were significantly higher in the KM group than in the control group. However, components of Apo C-II, Apo C-III, Apo E and ratio of Apo B to Apo A-I in serum were fairly reduced in the group KM than in the control group. The levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lower in KM cup than control group. From these results, Korean mistletoe hot-water extract administration were effective on the improvement of the lipid components, coronary heart disease and hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. And particularly, Korean mistletoe extract administration were more effective as a therapeutic regimen for the control of blood pressure in hypertension.

Keywords

References

  1. 나용준 (2005) 산림 : 겨우살이, 98-99, 산림조합중앙회, 서울
  2. 최진규 (2001) 산림 : 항암효과 뛰어난 겨우살이와 천식 치료하는 백선, 88-92. 산림조합중앙회, 서울
  3. Siegle, I., Fritz, P., McClellan, M., Gutzeit, S. and Murdter, T. E. (2001) Combined cytotoxic action of Vzscum album agglutinin-I and anticancer agents against human A549 lung cancer cells. Anticancer Res. 21(4A): 2687-2691
  4. Hwang, S. T., Yang, E. Y., Yeo, J. H., Jin, J. Y., Kim, H. S., Park, W.B. and Suh, J. J. (2003) Anti-tumor effect of Korean mistletoe extract intensified with mistletoe lectin against melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Kor. J. Phamacogn. 34: 218-222
  5. Seo, J. H., Choi, Y. H., Kim, J. S., Kim, S. K., Choi, S. U., Kim, Y. S., Kim, Y. K., Kim, S. H. and Ryu, S. Y. (2004) Active principles of the methanol extract of Korean mistletoe responsible for the inhibitory effect on the proliferation of human tumor cell lines. Kor. J Pharmacogn. 35: 134-138
  6. Choi, S. Y., Chung, S. K., Kim, S. K., Yoo, Y. C., Lee, K. B., Kim, J. B., Kim, J.Y. and Song, K. S. (2004) An antioxidant home-flavoyadorinin-B from Korean mistletoe(Viscum album var. coloratum). J. Korean Soc. Appl. Biol. Chern. 47: 279-282
  7. Boneberg, E. M. and Hartung, T. (2001) Mistletoe lectin-I increases tumor necrosis factor-alpha release in lipopolysaccharide- stimulated whole blood via inhibitionof interleukin-10 production. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 298: 996-1000
  8. Pfuller, U. (2000) Chemical constituents of European mistletoe (Vzscum album L.). Med Aromatic Plants-Indus. Profiles 16: 101-122
  9. Bajto, T., Berki, T., Boldizsar, F. and Nemeth, P. (2003) Galactoside specific plant lectin, Vzscum album agglutinin-I induces enhanced proliferation and apoptosis of murine thymocytes in vivo. Immunol. Lett. 86: 23-27 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-2478(02)00265-1
  10. Tabiasco, J,, Pont, F., Fournie, J. J. and Vercellone, A. (2002) Mistletoe viscotoxins increase natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Eur. J Biochem. 269: 2591-2600 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.02932.x
  11. Joossens, J. V. and Geboers, J. (1987) Dietary salt and risk to health. Am. J Clin. Nutr. 45: 1277-1288 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/45.5.1277
  12. Ryu, W. S., Ryoo, U. H., Choi, Y. S., Lee, H. S. and Cho, S. H. (1993) Periodic changes in levels of lipid peroxide and vitamin E in spontaneously hypertensive rats fed high cholesterol diet. Korean J. Lipidology 3: 123-132
  13. Kim, S. S. (1985) Resent theory of hypertension in adults. J. Korean. Med Asso. 28: 396-399
  14. Swales, J. D. (1984) Aetiology of hypertension. Br. J Anaesth. 56: 677-688 https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/56.7.677
  15. 김경환 (1997) 이우주의 약리학 강의, 447-448, 의학문화사, 서울
  16. 대한임상의학연구소 (1994) 건강진단해설, 233-234. 의학문화사, 서울
  17. Hamet, P., Richard, L., Dam, T. V., Teiger, E., Orlov, S. N., Gabouryl, L., Gossard, F. and Tremblay, J. (1995) Apoptosis in target organs of hypertension. Hypertension 26: 642-648 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.26.4.642
  18. Kannel, W. B., Dawber, T. R. and Sorlie, P. (1976) Components of blood pressure and risk of athrothrombotic brain infarction. Stroke 7: 327-331 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.7.4.327
  19. Choi, B. B., Kim, S. L. and Kim, S. K. (1996) Rutin and functional ingredients of buckwheat and their variations. Korean J. Crop Sci. 41: 69-93
  20. Lee, J. S., Park, S. J., Sung, K. S., Han, C. K., Lee, M. H., Jung, C. W. and Kwon, T. B. (2000) Effects of germinated-buckwheat on blood pressure, plasma glucose and lipid levels of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 32: 206-211
  21. Kim, H. J., Yoo, M. Y., Kim, H. K., Lee, B. H., Oh, K. S., Seo, H. W., Yon, G. H., Gendaram, O., Kwon, D. Y., Kim, Y. S. and Ryu, S. Y. (2006) Vasorelaxation effect of the flavonoids from the hizome extract of Alpinia officinarum on isolated rat thoracic aorta. Kor. J. Pharmacogn. 37: 56-59
  22. Rhyu, M. R., Kim, E. Y. and Han, J. S. (2003) Effect of Monascus koji on blood pressure and serum cholesterol composition of SHR by chronic dietary administration. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 32: 464-468 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2003.32.3.464
  23. Yang, J. L., Lee, S. H. and Song, Y. S. (2003) Improving effect of powders of cooked soybean and Chongkukjang on blood pressure and lipid metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 32: 899-905 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2003.32.6.899
  24. Kunio, S. (1998) Isolation and characterization of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor dipeptides derived from Allium sativum L.(garlic). J. Nutr. Biochem. 9: 415-419 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2863(98)00036-9
  25. Do, S. G., Choi, P. W., Suh, J. G., Kim, C. S., Shin, H. K., Won, M. H., Lee, M. H. and Oh, Y. S. (1999) Effects of garlic on the blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR). Korean J. Lab. Anim. Sci. 15: 275-282
  26. Kim, K, J., Do, J. R. and Kim, H. K. (2005) Antimicrobial, antihypertensive and anticancer activities of garlic extracts. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 37: 228-232
  27. Katayama, K., Fuchu, H., Sugiyama, M., Kawahara, S., Yamauch, K., Kawamura, Y. and Muguruma, M. (2003) Peptic hydrolysates of porcine crude myosin has many active fractions inhibiting angiotensin-I converting enzyme. Asian-Aus. J. Anim. Sci. 16: 1384-1389 https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2003.1384
  28. Choi, H. J., Whang, Y. H., Pek, U. H. and Shin, H. S. (1990) Effect of dietary grape seed oil in serum lipids in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Korean J. Nutr. 23: 467-476
  29. Nestel, P. J., Havenstein, N., Whyte, H. M., Scott, T. J. and Cook, L. J. (1973) Lowering of plasma cholesterol and enhanced sterol excretion with the consumption of polyunsaturated ruminant fats. New Engl. J. Med. 288: 379-382 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197302222880801
  30. Park, J. H., Han, S. B., Shin, M. K., Park, K. H. and Lim, K. C. (2002) Effect of hypertension falling of functional GABA green tea. Kerean Med. Crop Sci. 10: 37-40
  31. Kim, H. S. (2002) Effects ofthe Zizyphus jujuba seed extract on the lipid components in hyperlipidemic rats. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 7: 72-77 https://doi.org/10.3746/jfn.2002.7.1.072
  32. Flesch, M., Sachinidis, A., Ko, Y. D., Kraft, K. and Vetter, H. (1994) Plasma lipids and lipoproteins and essential hypertension. Clin. Invest. 72: 944-950 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00577733
  33. Chung, S. Y. and Kim, H. S. (1994) Hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis and nutrition. 34-47. Habdong Publishing Company, Korea
  34. Yi, K. N. and Rhee, C. S. (1996) Clinical pathology file. 101-126. Euihakmunwhasa, Seoul, Korea
  35. Kim, K. H. (1980) The clinical application of the results of the test. 164-176. Komoonsa, Seoul, Korea
  36. Goldstein, J. L. and Brown, M. S. (1983) The LDL receptor defect in familial hypercholesterolemia: Implications for pathogenesis and therapy. Med. Clin. North Am. 66: 335-362
  37. Applebaum, B. D., Haffner, S. M., Hartsook, E., Luk, K. H., Albers, J. J. and Hazzard, W. R. (1984) Down regulation of the low density lipoprotein receptor by dietary cholesterol. Am. J Clin. Nutr. 39: 360-367 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/39.3.360
  38. Smith, E. B. (1974) The relationship between plasma and tissue lipid in human atherosclerosis. Adv. Lipid Res. 11: 1-7
  39. Potter, S. M., Bakhit, R. M., Essexsorlie, D. L., Weingartner, K. E., Chapman, K. M., Nelson, R. A., Prabhudesai, M., Savage, W. D., Nelson, A. I. and Winter, L. W. (1993) Depression of plasma cholesterol in men by consumption of baked products containing soy protein. Am. J Clin. Nutr. 58: 501-506 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/58.4.501
  40. Brewer, H. B. (2004) High density lipoproteins: A new potential therapeutic target for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vase. Biol. 24: 387-391 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000121505.88326.d2
  41. Segreat, J., Li, L., Ananthatamaiah, G. M., Harvey, S. C., Liadaki, K. N. and Zannis, V. (2000) Structure and function of apolipoprotein A-I and high density lipoprotein. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 11: 105-115 https://doi.org/10.1097/00041433-200004000-00002
  42. Cho, H. K. (2006) Diabetes mellitus and disorder of lipid metabolism. Korean J. Endocrin. 21: 101-105 https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2006.21.2.101
  43. Packard, C., Caslake, M. and Shepherd, J. (2000) The role of small dense low density lipoprotein(LDL): A new look. Int. J. Cardiol. 74(Suppl.1): S17-S22 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5273(99)00107-2
  44. Sniderman, A. D., St-Pierre, A. C., Cantin, B., Dagenais, G. R., Despres, J. P. and Lamarche, B. (2003) Concordance/discordance between plasma apolipoprotein B levels and the cholesterol indexes of atherosclerotic risk. Am. J. Cardiol. 91: 1173-1177 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(03)00262-5
  45. Breckenridag, W. C., Little, J. A., Steiner, G., Chow, A. and Poapst, M. (1978) Hypertriglyceridemia associated with deficiency of apolipoprotein C-II. New Engl. J. Med. 298: 1265-1273 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197806082982301
  46. La Rosa, J. C., Levy, R. l., Herbert, P. N., Lux, S. E. and Fredrickson, D. S. (1970) A specific apoprotein activator for lipoprotein lipase. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 41: 57-72 https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-291X(70)90468-7
  47. Breslow, J. L. (1993) Genetics of lipoprotein disorder. Circulation 87: 16-21
  48. McConathy, W. J., Gesquiere, J. C., Bass, H., Tartar, A., Fruchart, J. C. and Wang, C. S. (1992) Inhibition of lipoprotein lipase activity by synthetic peptides of apolipoprotein C-III. J. Lipid Res. 33: 995-1003
  49. Windler, E. and Havel, R. S. (1985) Inhibitory effects of apolipoproteins C from rats and humans on the uptake of triglyceride- rich lipoproteins and their remnants by the perfused rat liver. J. Lipid Res. 26: 556-565
  50. Tiret, L., de Knijff, P., Menzel, H., Elmholm, C., Nicaud, V. and Havekes, L. M. (1994) Apo E polymorphism and predisposition to coronary heart disease in youths different European populations. Arterioscler. Thromb. 14: 1617-1624 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.14.10.1617
  51. Bae, J. S., Kang, B. Y., Kim, K. T., Shin, J. H. and Lee, C. C. (2001) Study on the mutation screening of the apolipoprotein C-II gene in Korean hypertensives and the association with plasma triglyceride level. Korean J. Lipidol. Atheros. 11: 515-525