Toxicological Research

Korean Society of Toxicology & Korea Environmental Mutagen Society (한국독성학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Mouse Single Oral Dose Toxicity Studies of PGB-1, a Novel Polyglucosamine Polymer Produce from Enterobacter sp. BL-2

  • Lee, Yong-Hyun (Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Son, Mi-Kyung (Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Jung, Young-Mi (ENZ Bio Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Kim, Tae-Kwon (ENZ Bio Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Park, Dong-Chan (ENZ Bio Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Lee, Hyeung-Sik (Department of Herbal Biotechnology, Daegu Haany University) ;
  • Kim, Pan-Soo (Department of Technical Support, Gyeonggi Bio-center) ;
  • Ku, Sae-Kwang (Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University)
  • Published : 2007.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was conducted to obtain acute information of the oral dose toxicity of PGB-1, a novel polyglucosamine polymer produced from a new strain Enterobacter sp. BL-2 in male and female mice. In order to calculated 50% lethal dose ($LD_{50}$) and approximate lethal dose (LD), test material was once orally administered to male and female ICR mice at dose levels of 2000, 1000, 500, 250, 125 and 0 (vehicle control) ml/kg (body wt.). The mortality and changes on body weight, clinical signs, gross observation and organ weight and histopathology of principle organs were monitored 14 days after dosing with PGB-1. We could not find any mortalities, clinical signs, body weight changes and gross findings. In addition, significant changes in the organ weight and histopathology of principal organs were not observed except for some sporadic findings. The results obtained in this study suggest that PGB-1 may not be toxic in mice and may be therefore safe for clinical use. The $LD_{50}$ and approximate LD in mice after single oral dose of PGB-1 were considered over 2000 mg/kg in both female and male mice.

Keywords

References

  1. Banks, W.J. (1986). Female reproductive system in Applied veterinary histology (Banks, W.J. Ed.). Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, pp. 506-526
  2. Deng, S.B., Bai, R.B., Hu, X.M. and Luo, Q. (2003). Characteristics of a bioflocculant produced by Bacillus mucilaginosus and its use in starch wastewater treatment. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 60, 588-593 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-002-1159-5
  3. Dermlim, W., Prasertsan, P. and Delle, H. (1999). Screening and characterization of bioflocculant produced by isolated Klebsiella sp. Appl. Microbiol. Biorechnol., 52, 698-703 https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530051581
  4. Dourish, C.T. (1987). Effects of drugs on spontaneous motor activity in experimental psychopharmacology (Greenshaw, A.J. and Dourish, C.T. Eds.). Humana Press, Clifton, pp. 325-334
  5. Fujita, M., Ike, M., Jang, J.H., Kim, S.M. and Hirao, T. (2001). Bioflocculation production from lower-molecular fatty acids as a novel strategy for utilization of sludge digestion liquor. Water Sci. Technol., 144, 237-243
  6. Hodge, H.C. and Sterner, J.H. (1949). Tabulation of toxicity classes. Am. Ind. Hyg. Q., 10, 93
  7. Irwin, S. (1968). Comprehensive observational assessment: Ia. A systemic, quantitative procedure for assessing the behavioral and physiological state of the mouse, Psychopharmacology, 13, 222-257 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00401402
  8. Jang, J.H., Ike, M., Kim, S.M. and Fujita, M. (2001). Production of a novel bioflocculant by fed-batch culture of Citrobacter sp. Biotechnol. Lett., 23, 593-597 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010312607171
  9. Korea Food and Drug Administration. (2005). Testing Guidelines for Safety Evaluation of Drugs (Notification No. 2005-60, issued by the Korea Food and Drug Administration on October 21, 2005)
  10. Kurane, R., Toeda, K. and Suzuki, T. (1986). Culture conditions for production of microbial flocculant by Rhodococcus erythropolis. Agric. Biol. Chem., 50, 2309-2313 https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.50.2309
  11. Lee, H.S., Lee, I.G. and Ku, S.K. (2006). Single oral dose toxicity study of water extracts of Picrorrhiza Rhizoma in mice. J. Toxicol. Pub. Health, 22, 117-126
  12. Lee, H.S., Yang, K.J., Shin, H.D., Park, B.R., Son, C.W., Jang, H.J., Park, D.C., Jung, Y.M. and Ku, S.K. (2005). Single oral dose toxicity study of Polycan, $\beta$-glucan originated from Aureobasidium in mice. J. Toxicol. Pub. Health, 21, 361-365
  13. Lee, Y.H., Son, M.K., Jung, Y.M., Kim, T.K., Oark, D.C., Kim, P.S. and Ku, S.K. (2007). Single oral dose toxicity studies of PGB-2, a novel polyglucosamine polymer produced from Citrobacter sp. BL-4 in mice. J. Toxicol. Pub. Health, 23, 65-72 https://doi.org/10.5487/TR.2007.23.1.065
  14. Oh, H.M., Lee, S.J., Park, M.H., Kim, H.S., Kim, H.C., Yoon, J.H., Kwon, G.S. and Yoon, B.D. (2001). Harvesting of Chlorella vulgaris using a bioflooculant from Paenibacillus sp. AM49. Biotechnol. Lett., 23, 1229-1234 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010577319771
  15. Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (Ed.). (2001). OECD guideline (423) for testing of chemicals - acute oral toxicity-acute toxic class method
  16. Pineda, M.H. (1989). Female reproductive system in Veterinary endocrinology and reproduction (McDonald, L.E. and Pineda, M.H. Eds.). Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, pp. 303- 354
  17. Son, M.K., Shin, H.D., Huh, T.L., Jang, J.H. and Lee, Y.H. (2005). Novel cationic microbial polyglucosamine biopolymer from new Enterobacter sp. BL-2 and its bioflocculation efficacy. J. Microbol. Biotechnol., 15, 626-632
  18. Toeda, K. and Kurane, R. (1991). Microbial flocculant from Alcaligenes cupidus KT 201. Agric. Biol. Chem., 55, 2663- 2664 https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.55.2663
  19. US Environmental Protection Agency. (1998). Health Effects Test Guidelines OPPTS 870.100, Acute Toxicity Testing Background, US EPA August, Washington, USA
  20. Watanebe, M., Suzuki, Y., Sasaki, K., Nakashimada, Y. and Nishio, N. (1999). Flocculating property of extracellular polymeric substance derived from a marine photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodovulum sp. J. Biosci. Bioeng., 87, 625-629 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1389-1723(99)80125-X
  21. White, S.A., Farina, P.R. and Fulton, I. (1979). Production and isolation of chitosan from Mucor ruxii. Appl. Envirin. Microbiol., 38, 323-328
  22. Yokoi, H., Aratake, T., Hirose, J., Hayashi, S. and Takasaki, Y. (2001). Simultaneous production of hydrogen and bioflocculant by Enterobacter sp. BY-29. World J Microbiol Biotechnol., 17, 609-631 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012463508364
  23. Yoon, S.H., Song, J.K., Go, S.J. and Ryu, J.C. (1998). Production of biopolymer fluocculant by Bacillus subtilis TB- 11. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 8, 606-612
  24. Yu, K.W., Shin, K.S., Choi, Y.M. and Suh, H.J. (2004). Macrophage stimulating activity of exo-biopolymer from submerged culture of Lentinus edodes with rice bran. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 14, 658-664