Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (생태와환경)

The Korean Society of Limnology (한국수생태학회)
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Cyanobacterial Development and Succession and Affecting Factors in a Eutrophic Reservoir

부영양 저수지에서 남조류의 발달과 천이 및 영향 요인

  • Kim, Ho-Sub (Han River Environment Research Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Hwang, Soon-Jin (Department of Environmental Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Kong, Dong-Soo (Han River Environment Research Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Research)
  • 김호섭 (국립환경과학원 한강물환경연구소) ;
  • 황순진 (건국대학교 환경과학과) ;
  • 공동수 (국립환경과학원 한강물환경연구소)
  • Published : 2007.03.30
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Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the causes and effects of cyanobacterial development and succession in a shallow eutrophic reservoir from March 2003 to February 2004. Phytoplankton succession, sedimentation rate, and sediment composition were analyzed. Algal bioassay also was conducted with the consideration of light, water temperature and nutrients. Cyanobacteria dominated throughout the year, except for spring season (March${\sim}$April) in which diatoms and flagellates dominated. Total cell density increased in July and November when P loading through inflows was high. Oscillatoria spp. and Aphanizomenon sp. were dominant in May and June, respectively, but replaced with Microcystis spp. in July. Thereafter, Microcystis spp. sustained until December, and again shifted to Oscillatoria spp. and Aphanizomenon sp. The dominance of Oscillatoria spp. in May was accompanied with high TN/TP ratio and the increase of water temperature and light intensity. While the dominance of Microcystis spp. was related with relatively low TN/TP ratio, ranging from 46 to 13 (average: 27). The sedimentation rate was highest in March (0.6 m $day^{-1}$) when diatoms dominated. During the period of cyanobacterial dominance, relatively high sedimentation rate was observed in May (0.4 m $day^{-1}$) and October (0.36m $day^{-1}$). C/N ratio of the sediment ranged $6{\sim}8$. Inorganic P concentration in the pore water was low when DO concentration was < 2 mg $O_2$ $L^{-1}$ in the hypolimnion, reflecting the P release from the sediment. Cyanobacterial growth rate depended on phosphorus concentration and water temperature, and high P concentration compensated for the low temperature in the growth rate. Our results suggest that the potential of cyanobacterial development and substantiality in eutrophic reservoirs be high throughout the year, as being supplied with enough P, and emphasize the consideration of sediment man. agement for the water quality improvement and algal bloom control.

본 연구는 부영양 저수지에서 남조류의 발달과 천이에 영향을 미치는 요인들과 그 결과를 평가하기 위하여, 2003년 3월부터 2004년 2월까지 현장 조사를 통하여 남조류 종조성과 밀도변화, 침전특성, 퇴적물 특성을 분석하였다. 또한 인, 수온, 광도를 달리한 조건에서의 남조류 성장률을 비교하였다. 식물플랑크톤은 봄철(3${\sim}$4월)에 규조류와 편모조류가 우점한 시기를 제외하고는 연중 남조류가 우점하였고, 7월과 11월에 높은 밀도 증가가 관찰되었다. 남조류 우점기간 중 5월에는 Oscillatoria spp., 6월에는 Aphanizomenon sp.이 우점하였고, 7월부터 11월까지는 Microcystis spp.가 우점종으로 나타났다. Oscillatoria spp.가 우점하고 침강율이 높았던 5월에는 수온, 광도 그리고 TN/TP비가 높았던 반면, Microcystis spp.가 우점한 7월부터 11월까지의 TN/TP비는 상대적으로 낮은 범위 (평균 27)를 보였다. 침강속도는 규조류가 우점한 3월 가장 높았고, 남조류의 우점종 기간 중에서는 5월과 10월이 다른 시기와 비교할 때 빨랐다. 퇴적물의 C/N비는 $6{\sim}8$의 범위였고, 간극수내 무기인의 농도는 심층에 산소농도가 희박(<2mg $O_2$ $L^{-1}$)하였던 시기에 감소하였다. 남조류의 성장률은 영양염 농도와 수온에 크게 의존하였고, 특히 높은 인 농도는 낮은 수온에서도 남조류가 발달하는 원인으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는, 인이 충분하게 공급되는 국내의 많은 소형 부영양 저수지에서 연중 남조류의 발달과 지속가능성을 시사하며, 수질개선과 조류제어를 위해 인의 저감(특히, 퇴적층 관리)을 매우 중요하게 고려해야 함을 강조한다.

Keywords

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