Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
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Changes on Physicochemical Properties of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer during Repeated Steaming Process

증숙 횟수에 따른 고려인삼의 이화학적 특성 변화

  • Hong, Hee-Do (Traditional Food Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, Young-Chan (Traditional Food Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Rho, Jeong-Hae (Traditional Food Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, Kyung-Tack (Traditional Food Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Lee, Young-Chul (Traditional Food Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute)
  • 홍희도 (한국식품연구원 전통식품연구단) ;
  • 김영찬 (한국식품연구원 전통식품연구단) ;
  • 노정해 (한국식품연구원 전통식품연구단) ;
  • 김경탁 (한국식품연구원 전통식품연구단) ;
  • 이영철 (한국식품연구원 전통식품연구단)
  • Published : 2007.12.31
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Abstract

Changes on physicochemical properties of fresh Korean ginseng during repeated 9 times steaming processes, steaming $90{\sim}95^{\circ}C$ for $1{\sim}3\;hr$ followed by hot air-drying at $50^{\circ}C$ for $36{\sim}48\;hr$, were investigated. The water contents decreased from 73.4% of fresh ginseng to 13.7% finally. The final yields in bases of total weights and dry matter were 21.0% and 79.0%, respectively. As the times of steaming processes increased, lightness (L value) decreased and redness (a value) increased in color of ginseng powder. Browning index also rapidly increased after 3 times of steaming process in particular. Total water soluble sugar contents decreased from 55.4% in fresh to 38.6% in final processed ginseng, but acidic polysaccharide contents increased by about 50% with increasing times of steaming process. Total phenolic compound contents significantly increased with repeated steaming processes especially after 5 times of steaming processes and crude saponin contents also increased in some degree. In the case of major ginsenosides, the contents of $Rb_1$, $Rb_2$, $Rg_1$, Re (representative ginsenosides in fresh ginseng) decreased, but those of $Rg_2$, $Rh_1$, $Rg_3$ (unique ginsenosides in red ginseng) increased after especially 5 times of steaming processes.

국내 인삼은 대부분이 수삼 또는 백삼, 홍삼 등의 1차 가공제품으로 가공되어 유통되고 있으나 최근 들어서는 인삼의 효능 및 성분 강화를 위하여 발효, 가압처리, 고온처리 등 다양한 방법들이 시도되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내산 5년근 수삼을 이용하여 9회의 증숙과 열풍건조를 반복 수행하면서 중량, 색도, 갈변도, 수분, 당류, 산성다당체, 총 페놀화합물, 조사포닌 및 주요 진세노사이드의 함량 변화를 살펴보았다. 수분의 경우 초기 73.4%에서 3회 처리 시 21.2%까지 감소하고 이후 9회 처리 시 13.7%까지 감소하였다. 최종 중량수율은 약 21.0%, 건물기준 최종수율은 79.0%이었다. 색의 경우 밝기를 나타내는 L값은 감소하고 적색도를 나타내는 a값은 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며 갈변도는 3회 증숙처리 이후부터 급격히 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 가용성 총당은 초기 55.4%에서 9회 처리 시 38.6%로 감소한 반면 산성다당체 함량은 4.4%에서 6.8온까지 증가하였다. 총페놀함량은 초기 0.4%에서 3회 처리 시 0.9%로 9회 처리 시에는 3.6%까지 증가하였다. 물포화부탄올 추출물 즉 조사포닌 함량은 처리횟수가 증가할수록 서서히 증가하는 추세를 나타내었다. 주요 진세노사이드 함량 변화를 살펴본 결과에서는 ginseno-side $Rb_1$, $Rb_2$, $Rg_1$, Re 등의 함량은 감소하고 $Rg_2$, $Rh_1$, $Rg_3$ 등의 홍삼 특이성분 함량은 5번 증숙처리 이후부터 크게 증가하였다.

Keywords

References

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