Journal of Aquaculture (한국양식학회지)

The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science (한국양식학회)
권호 표지

Effects of the Various Dietary Additives on Growth and Tolerance of Abalone Haliotis discus hannai against Stresses

다양한 사료첨가제 공급에 따른 전복의 성장과 스트레스에 대한 내성 효과

  • Cho, Sung-Hwoan (Division of Marine Environment & Bioscience, College of Ocean Science & Technology, Korea Maritime University) ;
  • Kim, Chung-Il (Division of Marine Environment & Bioscience, College of Ocean Science & Technology, Korea Maritime University) ;
  • Cho, Young-Jin (Division of Marine Environment & Bioscience, College of Ocean Science & Technology, Korea Maritime University) ;
  • Lee, Bom-Sok (Division of Marine Environment & Bioscience, College of Ocean Science & Technology, Korea Maritime University) ;
  • Park, Jung-Eun (Korea Aquaculture Institute) ;
  • Yoo, Jin-Hyung (Jeilfeed Co. Ltd.) ;
  • Lee, Sang-Min (Faculty of Marine Bioscience & Technology, Kangnung National University)
  • 조성환 (한국해양대학교 해양과학기술대학 해양환경생명과학부) ;
  • 김충일 (한국해양대학교 해양과학기술대학 해양환경생명과학부) ;
  • 조영진 (한국해양대학교 해양과학기술대학 해양환경생명과학부) ;
  • 이범석 (한국해양대학교 해양과학기술대학 해양환경생명과학부) ;
  • 박정은 ((주)한국양식개발연구소) ;
  • 유진형 (천하제일사료) ;
  • 이상민 (강릉대학교 해양생명공학부)
  • Published : 2008.11.25
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Effects of the various dietary additives on growth and tolerance of abalone Haliotis discus hannai to the stresses were determined in the 16-week feeding trial. Seventy juvenile (an initial body weight of 4.2 g) abalone per container were randomly distributed into 21, 50 L plastic rectangular containers each. The six kinds of experimental diets were prepared: control (CON) with no additive, by-product of green tea (BPG), extract of figs (EF), extract of green tea (EG), commercially available product of Hearok (PH), and Haematococcus (HC). In addition, dry sea tangle (ST) was prepared to compare the efficiency of the experimental diets. Fishmeal, soybean meal and shrimp head meal were used as the protein source, and dextrin, sea tangle powder and wheat flour, and soybean oil and fish oil were used as the carbohydrate and lipid sources, respectively in the experimental diets. The experimental diets were fed to abalone once a day at a satiation level with a little leftover. The feeding trial lasted for 16 weeks. At the end of the 16-week feeding trial, abalone was exposed to the different types of stresses (air exposure, and sudden changes of rearing temperature and salinity). Survival of abalone fed the sea tangle was highest. However, weight gain of abalone fed the EF, EG and PH diets was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of abalone fed the BPG diet or dry sea tangle. Shell length of abalone fed the all experimental diets was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of abalone fed the dry sea tangle. Accumulated mortality of abalone fed the sea tangle was low when exposed to the different types of stresses. Also, relatively low mortality was achieved in abalone fed the HC and EF diets. In considering these results, it can be concluded that the various sources of additives is effective to improve production of abalone, and Haematococcus and extract of figs can be considered as dietary additives to improve resistance of abalone against the different types of stresses.

사료내 다양한 사료 첨가제 공급에 따른 전복의 성장과 스트레스(공기중 노출, 급격한 온도 변화 및 급격한 염분 변화)에 대한 전복의 내성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 21개의 직사각형 50 L 플라스틱 용기에 각각 70 마리의 치패(시작시 무게 4.2 g)를 수용하여 3개의 1.3톤 raceway에 분산 수용하였다. 다양한 원료의 사료첨가제를 이용하여 6종류의 실험사료 [대조구 (CON), 녹차부산물 첨가(BPC), 무화과엑기스 첨가(EF), 녹차엑기스 첨가(EG), 시판용 해록상품 첨가(PH) 및 Haematococcus 첨가(HC)]를 제조하였으며, 이들 실험사료의 유용성을 평가하기 위하여 건조 다시마(ST)를 공급하는 실험구와 비교하였다. 실험사료는 어분, 대두박 및 새우머리분을 주요 단백질원으로 공급하였으며, 덱스트린, 다시마분말 및 소맥분을 주요 탄수화물원으로 공급하였으며, 대두유와 어유를 주요 지질원으로 공급하여 주었다. 전복은 1일 1회 사료가 조금씩 남아서 만복시까지 먹게끔 충분한 양의 사료를 공급하여 주었다. 각 실험구는 3반복구를 두었으며, 총 사육기간은 16주간이었다. 16주간의 사육실험 종료후, 각 실험 구에서 생존한 전복은 10마리씩 무작위로 추출하여 공기노출, 급격한 온도 변화 및 급격한 염분변화의 스트레스를 주어서 이들의 누적폐사율을 조사하였다. 16주간의 사육실험 종료시 전복의 생존율은 다시마를 공급한 실험구에서 가장 높았다. 그러나 전복의 체중증가는 무화과엑기스, 녹차엑기스 및 해록상품을 첨가한 실험사료를 공급한 실험구에서 녹차부산물 첨가한 시험구 또는 다시마를 공급한 실험구에 비하여 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 전복의 각장은 다시마를 공급한 실험구에 비하여 실험용 사료를 공급한 모든 실험구에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다 다양한 형태의 스트레스에 노출시 전복의 누적폐사율은 다시마를 공급한 실험 구에서 낮게 나타났으며, Haematococcus 첨가구 및 무화과엑기스 첨가구에서도 비교적 낮은 전복의 폐사율을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 고려할 때, 본 실험에 이용된 다양한 사료첨가제는 전복의 성장을 개선시키는데 효과적이며, 특히 Haematococcus와 무화과엑기스는 다양한 형태의 스트레스의 내성을 개선시키는 사료 첨가제로서 이용 가능한 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Agnar, S. and K. I. Albert, 2003. Size dependent variation in optimum growth temperature of red abalone (Haliotis rufescens). Aquaculture, 224, 353−362
  2. AOAC, 1990. Official Methods of Analysis, 15th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, Virginia, USA
  3. Bell, J. G., J. McEvoy, D. R. Tocher and J. R. Sargent, 2000. Depletion of $\alpha$-tocoherol and astaxanthin in atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) affects autoxidative defense and fatty acid metabolism. J. Nutr., 130, 1800−1808
  4. Brown, P. B., K. A. Willson, J. E. Wetzel II and B. Hoene, 1995. Increased densities result in reduced weight gain of crayfish Orconectes virilis. J. World Aquacult. Soc., 26, 165−171
  5. Capinpin, E. C., J. D. Toledo, V. C. Encena and M. Doi, 1998. Density dependent growth of the tropical abalone Haliotis asinina in cage culture. Aquaculture, 171, 227−235
  6. Chen, J. C. and W. C. Chen, 2000. Salinity tolerance of Haliotis diversicolor supertexta at different salinity and temperature levels. Aquaculture, 181, 191−203
  7. Cheng, W., I. S. Hsiao, C. H. Hsu and J. C. Chen, 2004a. Change in water temperature on the immune response of Taiwan abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta and susceptibility to Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Fish Shellfish Immunol., 17, 235−243
  8. Cheng, W., C. H. Li and J. C. Chen, 2004b. Effect of dissolved oxygen on the immune response of Haliotis diversicolor supertexta and its susceptibility to Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Aquaculture, 232, 103−115
  9. Cho, S. H., and C. I. Kim, 2008. Effect of dietary inclusion of various sources of additives on growth and body composition of juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Aquaculture Research, (in press)
  10. Cho, S. H., S. M. Lee, B. H. Park, S. C. Ji and M. G. Kwon, 2006. Effect of dietary inclusion of various sources of green tea on immune system and challenging test of juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. J. Aquacult., 19, 48−89
  11. Cho, S. H., J. Park, C. Kim and J. Yoo, 2008. Effect of casein substitution with fishmeal, soybean meal and crustacean meal in the diet of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Aquacult. Nutr., 14, 61−66 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2007.00516.x
  12. Day, R., P. Gilmour and S. Huchette, 2004. Effects of density and food supply on postlarval abalone: behaviour, growth and mortality. J. Shellfish Res., 23, 1009−1018
  13. Duncan, D. B., 1955. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics, 11, 1−42 https://doi.org/10.2307/3001478
  14. Hardie, L. J., T. C. Fletcher and C. J. Secombes, 1991. The effect of dietary vitamin C on the immune response of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquaculture, 95, 201−214
  15. Harris, J. O., G. B. Maguire, S. J. Edwards and D. R. Johns, 1999. Low dissolved oxygen reduces growth rate and oxygen consumption rate of juvenile greenlip abalone, Haliotis laevigata Donovan. Aquaculture, 174, 265−278
  16. He, H., A. L. Lawrence and R. Liu, 1992. Evaluation of dietary essentiality of fat soluble vitamins, A, D, E, and K for penaeid shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). Aquaculture, 103, 177−185
  17. Jang, S. I., J. Y. Jo and J. S. Lee, 1992. Effects of vitamins and glycyrrhizin added to oxidized diets on the growth and on the resistance to Edwardsiella injection of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. J. Aquacult., 5, 143−155
  18. Jeong, M. R., B. S. Kim and Y. E. Lee, 2002. Physicochemical characteristics and antopxidative effects of Korean figs (Ficus carica L.). J. East Asian Soc. Diet. Life, 12, 566−573
  19. Kim, C. W., S. G. Lim, K. S. Kim, J. M. Baek and C. S. Park, 2003. Influence of water temperature on growth and body composition of juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) fed an artificial formulated diet and macroalgae (Laminaria japonica). J. Kor. Fish. Soc., 36, 586−590
  20. Kim, S. A., J. Kim, M. K. Woo, C. S. Kwak and M. S. Lee, 2005a. Antimutagenic and cytotoxic effects of ethanol extracts from five kind of seaweed. J. Kor. Soc. Food Sci. Nutr., 34, 451−459 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2005.34.4.451
  21. Kim, T., M. Yang, M. Choe, S. Han and I. Yeo. 2005b. Physiological studies on acute water-temperature stress of juvenile abalone, Haliotis discuss hannai. J. Aquaculture, 18, 7−12
  22. Krinsky, N. I., 1993. Actions of carotenoids in biological systems. World. Rev. Nutr., 13, 561−587
  23. Kwon, M. G., S. U. Park, J. D. Bang, B. Y. Cho, S. M. Lee and S. I. Park, 2003. The effects of supplementary diets on the water temperature stress in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. J. Fish Pathol., 16, 183−191
  24. Laughlin, R. B. and J. M. Neff, 1981. Ontogeny of respiratory and growth responses of larval mud crabs Rhithropanopeus harristii exposed to different temperature, salinities, and naphthalene concentration. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 5, 319−332
  25. Laughlin, R. B. and O. Linden, 1983. Oil pollution and Baltic mysid: Acute and chronic effects of the water soluble fractions of light fuel oil on the mysid shrimp Neomysis integer. Mar. Ecol. Porg. Ser., 12, 29−41
  26. Lee, S. M. and H. G. Park, 1998. Evaluation of dietary lipid sources for juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus hannai). J. Aquacult., 11, 381−390
  27. Lim, K. T., S. J. Lee, J. H. Ko and P. S. Oh, 2005. Hypolipidemic effects of glycoprotein isolated from Ficus carica Linnaeus in mice. Kor. J. Food Sci. Technol., 37, 624−630
  28. Malham, S., A. Lacoste, F. Gelebart, A. Cueff and S. Poulet, 2003. Evidence for a direct link between stress and immunity in the mollusc Haliotis tuberculata. J. Exp. Zool., 295, 136−144
  29. Martello, L. and R. S. Tjeerdema, 2001. Combined effects of pentachorophenol and salinity stress on chemiluminescence activity in two species of abalone. Aquat. Toxicol., 51, 351−362
  30. Park, Y. B., J. K. Ahn, S. J. Yoo, D. C. Park, I. S. Kim, Y. H. Park and S. B. Kim, 1998. Elucidation of anti-tumor initiator and promoter derived from seaweed-4: desmutagenic principles of Ecklonia stolonifera extracts against carcinogenic heterocyclic amines. J. Korean Soc. Food. Sic. Nutr., 27, 537−542
  31. Park, B. H., H. K. Choi and H. S. Cho, 2001. Antioxidant effect of aqueous green tea on soybean oil. J. Korean Soc. Food. Sic. Nutr., 30, 552−556
  32. Paul, R. and J. H. Michael, 2007. The kinetics and mechanisms of the complex formation and antioxidant behaviour of the polyphenols EGCg and ECG with iron (III). J. Inorg. Biochem., 101, 585−593
  33. Pedro, E. S., O. Lucia, M. Mario and B. Horacio, 2004. Effect of temperature on oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion in the Calafia mother-of-pearl oyster, Pinctada mazatlanica (Hanley, 1856). Aquaculture, 229, 377−387
  34. Puangkaew, J., V. Kiron, T. Somamoto, N. Okamoto, S. Satih, T. Takeuchi and T. Watanabe, 2004. Nonspecific immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) in relation to different status of vitamin E and highly unsaturated fatty acids. Fish Shellfish Immunol., 16, 25−39 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2003.09.009
  35. Rhi, J. W. and H. S. Shin, 1993. Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract obtained from green tea. Kor. J. Food Sci. Technol., 25, 758−763
  36. Ryu, B. H., B. S. Chi, D. S. Kim and M. S. Ha, 1986. Desmutagenic effect of extracts obtained from seaweeds. Bull. Kor. Fish. Soc., 19, 502−508
  37. Saffari, Y. and S. M. H. Sadrzadeh, 2004. Green tea metabolite EGCG protects membranes against oxidative damage in vitro. Life Sci., 74, 1513−1518
  38. Shin, I. S., H. Masuda and N. Kinae, 2000. Inhibitory effect of Sawa-wasabi (Wasabia japonica) on the growth of fish pathogenic bacteria. J. East Coastal Res., 11, 65−74
  39. Tsuchiya, M., 1983. Mass mortality in a population of the mussel Mytilus edulis L. caused by high temperature on rocky shores. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 66, 101−111
  40. Wanasundara, U. N. and F. Shahibi, 1998. Antioxidant and prooxidant activity of green tea extracts on marine oils. Food Chem., 63, 335−342