Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
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Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts and Fractions of Green Tea Used for Coarse Tea

엽차용 녹차 추출물 및 분획물의 항균효과

  • 정숙현 (동서대학교 식품생명공학) ;
  • 윤교희 (상지영서대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2008.11.28
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Abstract

Antimicrobial activities of green tea extracts used for coarse tea were investigated by disc diffusion method using eight different bacteria. Among the green tea extracts, the 70% ethanol extract demonstrated the strongest antimicrobial activities against Vibrio parahemolyticus (V. parahemolyticus) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and thus was further fractionated. Among these fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest antimicrobial activities against V. parahemolyticus, S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). These activities exceeded that of all extracts and fractions tested in this study. Interestingly, although green tea extracts showed significant antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus (M. luteus), once fractionated, the ethyl acetate fraction did not show any antimicrobial activity against M. luteus. MICs of the ethyl acetate fraction were $5\;\;{\mu}L$/disc against B. subtilis and $3\;{\mu}L$/disc against S. aureus, S. mutans and V. parahaemolyticus. 90% inhibition of B. subtilis was observed with 0.05% ethyl acetate fraction but S. mutans needed over 0.1% ethyl acetate fraction to exhibit the same inhibition as B. subtilis. Antimicrobial activities of ethyl acetate fractions were reduced around 10% by thermal treatment at $121^{\circ}C$ for 20 min. All the results suggest that the 70% ethanol extract as well as the ethyl acetate fraction from green tea used for coarse tea could be further developed into a natural antimicrobial agent.

9월에 수확하여 엽차용 녹차로 시판되는 보성산 녹차를 온수, $80^{\circ}C$ 열수, 70% ethanol 용액으로 추출하고, 70% ethanol 추출물을 다시 hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol로 분획한 다음 녹차 추출물과 분획물의 그램 양성균과 그램 음성균 8종에 대한 항균활성에 대하여 조사를 하였다. 녹차의 추출 수율은 70% ethanol 추출물은 33.0%, ethyl acetate 분획물은 11.2%를 보였다. 8종의 세균에 대한 녹차 추출물 간의 항균활성은 70% 에탄올 추출물의 경우 수 추출물에 비하여 Vibrio parahaemolyticus(V. parahaemolyticu) 및 Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus)에 대하여 가장 높았다. 70% 에탄올 추출물로부터 여러 가지 용매를 달리하여 분획한 분획물 간의 항균활성은 70% ethanol 추출물에 비하여 ethyl acetate 분획물의 경우 Klebsiella pneumoniae, V. parahaemolyticus, S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis(B. subtilis) 및 Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans)와 같은 5종의 세균에 대하여 높았다. 70% ethanol 추출물 유래 ethyl acetate 분획물의 MIC는 B. subtilis의 경우 $5\;{\mu}L$/disc이었고, S. aureus 와 S. mutans의 경우 $3\;{\mu}L$/disc이었으며, V. parahaemolyticus의 경우 $3\;{\mu}L$/disc 이하로 아주 낮았다. Ethyl acetate 분획물의 첨가 농도에 따른 항균효과는 B. subtilis와 S. mutans 두 균종에서 확연히 나타났고 B. subtilis는 0.05% 이상의 첨가로 24시간 증식시켰을 때 control에 비하여 균증식이 90% 이상 억제됨을 보였으며, S. mutans는 동일한 균증식 억제 효과를 얻기 위하여 0.1% 이상의 ethyl acetate 분획물 농도가 요구되었다. Ethyl acetate 분획물의 열처리($121^{\circ}C$, 20분)는 균종에 따라 10%정도의 항균활성을 감소시켰다. 이와 같은 결과를 종합할 때 9월에 채엽된 저렴한 녹차로 천연 항균제 혹은 식품보존료의 개발은 충분한 잠재력이 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

Keywords

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