Effects of Chitosan Oligosaccharide Supplementation on Blood Glucose, Lipid Components and Enzyme Activities in Hyperglycemic Rats

키토산 올리고당이 당뇨성 흰쥐의 혈당과 혈중 지질성분 및 효소활성에 미치는 영향

  • Kim, Han-Soo (Dept. of Food Science & Technology, Pusan National University) ;
  • Seong, Jong-Hwan (Dept. of Food Science & Technology, Pusan National University)
  • Published : 2008.09.30

Abstract

The principal objective of this study was to assess the effects of chitosan oligosaccharide supplementation on the improvement of blood glucose, lipid components and enzyme activities in the serum of streptozotocin(STZ, 55 mg/kg B.W., I.P. injection)-induced hyperglycemic rats fed on experimental diets for 5 weeks. The concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester ratio, triglycerides(TG) and phospholipids(PL) in serum were remarkably higher in the hyperglycemic group(group BSW) and STZ(I.P.)+chitosan oligosaccharide supplementation group(group ECW) than those in the control group(group BW, basal diet+water). However the concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, tree cholesterol, cholesteryl ester ratio, TG and PL in serum were lower in the ECW group than in the BSW group, whereas the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentration in the ECW group were higher than in the BSW group. The activities of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and aminotransferase(AST, ALT) in serum were lower in the ECW group than in the hyperglycemic BSW group. The results shown above suggested that chitosan oligosaccharide supplementation effectively improves blood glucose, lipid composition and enzyme activities in the sera of STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats.

Keywords

References

  1. Nepom, GT. A unified hypothesis for the complex genetics of HLA association. Diabetes. 39:1153-1157. 1990 https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.39.10.1153
  2. Wolff, SP. Diabetes mellitus and free radicals, transition metals and oxidative stress in the aetiology of diabetes mellitus and complications. Br. Med. Bull. 49:642-652. 1993 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072637
  3. Yoon, JW, Kim, CJ, Park, CY and McArthur, RG. Effect of environmental factors on development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Clin. Invest. Med. 10:459-464. 1987
  4. Kim, HS, Kim, SH, Cheong, HS, Kang, JO and Chung, SY. Effects of the feeding mixed oils with various levels of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid on the lipid components and fatty acid metabolism of serum lipoprotein in hyperlipedemic rat. J. Kor. Soc. Food Nutr. 22:543-551. 1993
  5. Lim, SJ and Kim, YR. Effects of Benincasa hispida seeds intake on blood glucose and lipid levels in streptozotocon induced diabetic rats. Kor. J. Nutr. 37:259-265. 2004
  6. Garcia, MJ, Mcnamara, PM, Gordon, T and Kannel, WB. Morbidity in mortality in diabets in the framigham population. Diabetes. 23:105-108. 1974 https://doi.org/10.2337/diab.23.2.105
  7. Lind, L, Vessby, B and Sundstrom, J. The apolipoprotcin B/AI ratio and the metabolic syndrome independently predict risk for myocardial infarction in middle-aged men. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 26:406-410. 2006 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000197827.12431.d0
  8. Lee, TH. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Food Indust. Nutr. 4:61-65. 1999
  9. Zimmet, P, Ellenberg, M and Rifkin, H. Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus. In: 'Diabetes mellitus theory and practive', pp.451. Medical examination publ. New Hyde Park. NY. USA. 1983
  10. Kim, JW, Lee, KJ and Yoon, SP. Sexual comparison of decreased postprandial glucose concentration with chitosanoligosaccharides. J. Chitin Chitosan. 12:222-227. 2007
  11. Kalkhoff, RK, Jacobson, M and Lemper, D. Progesterone, pregnancy and the augmented plasma insulin response. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 31:24-29. 1970 https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-31-1-24
  12. American Diabetes Association. Nutrition recommendations and principles for people with diabetes mellitus(position statement). Diabetes Care. 21:32-35. 1998 https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.21.1.32
  13. Cho, HK. Diabetes mellitus and disorder of lipid metabolism. J. Kor. Soc. Endocrin. 21:101-105. 2006 https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2006.21.2.101
  14. Harold, J and Holler, RD. Diabetes medical nutrition therapy, A professional guide to management and nutrition education resources. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 97:99-113. 1997
  15. Weiner, ML. An overview of the regulation status and of the safety of chitin and chitosan as food and pharmaceutical ingredients, In advances in chitin and chitosan. pp.670-672. Elsevier Applied Science. London and NY. USA. 1992
  16. Muzzarelli, RAA, Wecks, M and Filippini, O. Removal of trace metal ions from industrial waters, nuclear effluents and drinking water, with the aid of cross-linked N-carboxymethyl chitosan. Carbohyd. Polymer. 11:293-306. 1989 https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-8617(89)90004-0
  17. Arvanitoyamis, IS, Nakayama, A and Aiba, S. Chitosan and gelatin based edible films: state diagrams, mechanical and permeation properties. Carbohyd. Polymer. 37:371-382. 1998 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0144-8617(98)00083-6
  18. Knorr, D. Recovery and utilization of chitin and chitosan in food processing waste management. Food Technol. 45:114-119. 1991
  19. Kim, SK and Lee, EH. Biocompatibility and medical applications of chitin and chitosan. J. Chitin Chitosan. 2:39-74. 1997
  20. Park, JR and Lee, YS. Effects of dietary chitosan on blood and tissue levels of lead, iron, zinc and calcium in lead administered rats. J. Kor. Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 34:336-341. 2005 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2005.34.3.336
  21. Lasko, CL, Pesic, BH and Oliver, DJ. Enhancement of the metal-binding properties of chitosan through synthetic addition of sulfer and nitrogen containing compounds. J. Appl. Pol. Sci. 48:1565-1570. 1993 https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070480908
  22. Nam, KS, Son, OL, Cho, HJ, Kim, MK and Shon, YH. Effect of chitosan oligosaccharides on chemopreventive enzymes of breast cancer. J. Chitin Chitosan. 10:198-201. 2005
  23. Shon, YH and Nam, KS. Effect of chitosanoligosaccharides on cancer initiation stage. J. Chitin Chitosan. 8:222-225. 2003
  24. Jeon, YJ and Kim, SK. Antitumor activity of chitosan oligosaccharides produced in ultrafiltration membrane reactor system. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 12:503-507. 2002
  25. Kim, KN, Joo, ES, Kim, KI, Kim, SK, Yang, HP and Jeon, YJ. Effect of chitosan oligosaccharides on cholesterol level and antioxidant enzyme activities in hypercholesterolemic rat. J. Kor. Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 34:36-41. 2005 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2005.34.1.036
  26. Lee, JM, Cho, WK and Park, HJ. Effects of chitosan treated with enzymatic method on glucose and lipid metabolism in rats. J. Kor. Nutr. Soc. 31:1112-1120. 1998
  27. No, HK, Beik KY and Kim, SJ. Effect of chitosan-soybean curd on serum lipid metabolism in rats fed high-fat diet. J. Kor. Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 31:1078-1083. 2002 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2002.31.6.1078
  28. Lee, KH, Yoon, SY and Kim, HK. Effect of crab shell powder on lipid metabolism in diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. J. Kor. Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 29:453-459. 2000
  29. Muzzarelli, RAA. Chitin, pp.89. Pergamon Press Ltd. Oxford. England. 1977
  30. Reitman, S and Frankel, S. A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxaloacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminase. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 28:56. 1957 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/28.1.56
  31. Lee, JM and Son, BK. Effects of chitosan of different molecular weights on lipid metabolism in rats. J. Kor. Nutr. Soc. 31:143-152. 1998
  32. Daniel, DG, Saari, C, Don, WS and Judith, MO. Diabetes increase excretion of urinary malonaldehyde conjugates in rats. Lipids. 28:663-666. 1993 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02536063
  33. Zachania, M. Effect of brown rice and soybean dietary fiber on the control of glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic rats. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 38:388-393. 1983 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/38.3.388
  34. Chung, GH, Kim, BS, Hur, JW and Chung, SY. Effect of dietary lobster shrimp chitosan on lipid metabolism in dietinduced hyperlipidemic rats. J. Kor. Soc. Food Nutr. 25: 384-391. 1996
  35. Miura, T, Usami, M, Tsuura, Y, Ishida, H and Seino, Y. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect of chitosan in normal and neonatal streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 18:1623-1625. 1995 https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.18.1623
  36. Goldberg, RR. Lipid disorders in diabetes. Diabetes Care 4: 561-572. 1981 https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.4.5.561
  37. Reaben, KM. Abnomal lipoprotein metabolism in noninsulindependent Diabetes mellitus. Am. J. Med. 83:31-40. 1987
  38. Baron, HE, Levy, Y, Oschry, Ziv, E and Scafrir, E. Removal effect of very low density lipoproteins from diabetic rats. Biochem. Biophy. Acta. 793:115-118. 1984 https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-2760(84)90059-6
  39. Tol, AV. Hypertriglyceride in the diabetic rat effective removal of serum very low density lipoproteins. Atherosclerosis. 26: 117-128. 1977 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9150(77)90146-0
  40. Smith, EB. The relationship between plasma and tissue lipid in human atherosclerosis. Adv. Lipid Res. 11:1-7. 1974
  41. Kim, KH. A Translation: The Clinical Application of the Results of the Test, pp.164-209. Komoonsa. Seoul. Korea. 1980
  42. Kinnunen, PK, Virtanen, JJA and Vainio, P. Lipoprotein lipase and hepatic endothelial lipase. Atheroscler. Rev. 11: 65-99. 1983
  43. Yi, KN and Rhee, CS. Clinical Pathology File, pp.101-283. Euihakmunwhasa, Seoul. 1996