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Changes in Chemical Components of Cheonggukjang Prepared with Germinated Soybeans during Fermentation

발아대두 청국장의 발효 중 화학성분의 변화

  • Eom, Sang-Mi (Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University) ;
  • Jung, Bo-Young (Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University) ;
  • Oh, Hoon-Il (Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University)
  • 엄상미 (세종대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 정보영 (세종대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 오훈일 (세종대학교 식품공학과)
  • Published : 2009.09.30

Abstract

This study was carried out in order to investigate the changes in chemical components of four kinds of Cheonggukjang during fermentation. Three different kinds of Cheonggukjang were prepared with germinated soybeans using rice straw, Bacillus natto, Bacillus natto plus Aspergillus oryzae, and non-germinated soybeans using rice straw. The nitrogen contents increased significantly during fermentation in all kinds of Cheonggukjang. Especially germinated soybean Cheonggukjang prepared with A. oryzae plus B. natto showed approximately 1.3 to 3.0 fold higher values than the other Cheonggukjangs. Total free amino acid contents of all Cheonggukjangs increased with an increase in fermentation time until 60 h. Lysine content was highest in Cheonggukjang prepared with ungerminated soybean at 72 h of fermentation. Among free amino acids of germinated soybean Cheonggukjang prepared with rice straw, glutamic acid was highest (3.64 mg/g) after 72 h of fermentation. In Cheonggukjang prepared with mixed culture, glutamic acid content was 4.37 mg/g. Total carbohydrate contents of Cheonggukjang decreased rapidly with an increase in fermentation time except the ungerminated soybean Cheonggukjang, and the total carbohydrate contents varied from 9.81 to 14.04% after 72 h of fermentation. On the other hand, total carbohydrate contents of ungerminated soybean Cheonggukjang prepared with rice straw gradually decreased during fermentation. In conclusion, it is expected to increase the contents of functional constituents and to improve quality characteristics of Cheonggukjang when it is prepared with germinated soybeans using B. natto plus A. oryaze.

대두를 $25^{\circ}C$에서 48시간 발아시킨 발아콩을 원료로 볏짚 B. natto, B. natto와 A. oryaze 혼합균을 접종하여 제조한 청국장과 비발아콩 볏짚으로 제조한 청국장의 발효 중 질소화합물, 유리아미노산 함량, 총당 및 환원당 함량의 변화를 조사하였다. 발효식품의 품질 지표로 사용되는 아미노태 질소함량과 장류의 이상발효 지표로 사용되는 암모니아테 질소함량은 4종류의 청국장 모두 발효시간이 증가함에 따라 전반적으로 그 함량이 증가하였다. 아미노태 질소함량은 혼합균주를 이용한 발아중 청국장>발아콩 볏짚 청국장>B. natto를 접종한 발아콩 청국장>비발아콩 볏짙 청국장 순으로 나타났고 암모니아태 질소 함량은 혼합균주를 이용한 발아콩 볏짚 청국장>B. natto를 접종한 발아콩 청국장>비발아콩 볏짙 청국장>발아콩 볏짚 청국장 순으로 나타났다. 혼합균주를 이용한 발아콩 청국장은 다른 청국장에 비해 약 $1.3{\sim}3.0$배 높은 질소화합물 함량을 나타내었다. 4종류의 청국장 모두 발효 60시간까지 총 유리아미노산 함량이 증가하였다. 비발아콩 볏짚 청국장은 lysine 함량이 가장 높았으며 발아콩 볏짚 청국장은 72시간 발효 이후 glutamic acid함량이 3.64 mg/g으로 가장 높았고, 혼합균주를 이용한 발아중 청국장의 glutamic acid 함량은 4.37mg/g으로 높았다. 청국장의 총당 함량 변화는 비발아콩 볏짚 청국장을 제외한 나머지 청국장에서 발효시간이 증가함에 따라 급격히 감소하여 발효 72시간에는 $9.81{\sim}14.04%$ 총당 함량을 나타내었다. 한편 비발아콩 볏짚 청국장의 총당 함량은 발효시간이 증가함에 따라 서서히 감소하였으나 발효 72시간에는 20.34%로 큰 변화를 보이지 않았다. 환원당 함량은 발효 12시간에 최대값을 보인 이후 감소하였다. 따라서 아미노태질소와 glutamic acid 함량측면에서 B. natto와 A. oryaze 혼합균을 이용한 발아콩 청국장이 다른 청국장에 비해 우수한 것으로 나타나 발아콩을 이용하여 혼합균주로 청국장 제조 시 기능성 성분의 증가와 더불어 품질향상을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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