Journal of Life Science (생명과학회지)

Korean Society of Life Science (한국생명과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Chemical Components and Antioxidative Effects of Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. Leaf

비파잎의 이화학적 성분과 항산화효과

  • 황윤경 (조선대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 이재준 (조선대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김아라 (조선대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 이명렬 (조선대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2010.07.30
  • Accepted : 2010.11.17
  • Published : 2010.11.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the physicochemical compositions and antioxidative effects of Eriobotrya japonoca Lindl (Loquat). The proximate compositions of the loquat leaf on a dry matter basis were 8.78% moisture content, 6.74% crude protein, 7.87% crude fat, 6.99% crude ash, 43.61% dietary fiber and 26.01% carbohydrate. In analysis of free amino acids, 16 kinds total amino acid components, 17 kinds of components were isolated from loquat. The essential amino acids contained in loquat leaf accounted for 50.15% of total amino acids, while the non-essential amino acids accounted for 49.85%. In analysis of total fatty acids, only 5 kinds of acid were detected: lauric acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid. The contents of vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin C were 0.039 mg%, 0.096 mg% and 0.575 mg%, respectively. The mineral contents of loquat leaf were greater in order of Zn

비파잎의 생리활성 기능과 이용 가능성에 관한 연구의 일환으로 비파잎의 영양성분 및 생리활성 효능을 검증하여 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 비파잎의 일반성분은 건량 기준(dry basis)으로 수분 함량 5.78%, 조단백질 6.74%, 조지방 7.87%, 조회분 6.99%, 식이섬유소 43.61%, 탄수화물 29.01%를 함유하였다. 비파잎의 구성당은 총 4종 검출되었으며 이중 rhamnose가 3,391.84 mg/l로 제일 많이 검출되었으며, galactose 663.27 mg/l, glucose 651.65 mg/l, lactose 662.40 mg/l 검출되었다. 비파잎의 유리 아미노산은 glutamic acid 함량이 11.30 mg%로 가장 높았으며, asparagine 9.02 mg%, $\gamma$-amino-n-butyric acid 8.30 mg%, alanine 4.53 mg%, phosphoserine 3.77 mg%, aspartic acid 3.23 mg% 순으로 높게 나타났다. 구성 아미노산의 경우 histidine 함량이 501.26 mg%로 가장 높았으며, 총 아미노산에 대한 필수아미노산의 비율은 50.15%로 높게 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 지방산 중 포화지방산은 stearic acid가 41.54%로 가장 많이 함유하고 있었으며, lauric acid 12.00%, myristic acid 11.13%, pentadecanoic acid 41.54% 순으로 검출되었다. 불포화지방산은 oleic acid 만 검출되었으며, 총 지방산 함량의 27.9%를 함유하고 있었다. 비타민 A는 0.039 mg%, 비타민 E는 0.096 mg%, 비타민 C는 0.575 mg%로 검출되었다. 무기질은 Ca 함량이 1,892.60 mg%, K 함량이 1,244.90 mg%로 많이 검출되었다. 다음으로 Mg, Na, Mn, Zn 순이었고, Cu 함량은 미량 함유하는 것으로 나타났다. 비파잎의 유기산은 succinic acid 함량이 24,343.57 mg/l로 가장 많았고, 다음으로 citric acid 2,964.87 mg/l, maleic acid 2538.59 mg/l 순으로 검출되었다. 비파잎 에탄올 추출물의 기능성을 측정한 결과 총 polyphenol 함량은 500 ppm에서 15.77 mg/ml, 1,000 ppm에서 32.32 mg/ml 함유하고 있는 것으로 나타나 1,000 ppm에서 약 2배 정도 높게 나타났다. 총 flavonoid 함량은 500 ppm에서 15.58 mg/ml, 1,000 ppm에서 28.65 mg/ml으로 나타났다. 비파잎의 DPPH radical 소거능은 500 ppm에서 68.26%, 1,000 ppm에서 80.53% 소거능을 보였으며, 이는 농도가 증가함에 따라 항산화 활성도 증가되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 특히 1,000 ppm에서 대조구인 500 ppm BHT 및 BHA와 비슷한 수준으로 높은 항산화 활성이 나타났다. 이상의 결과 비파잎은 필수아미노산 및 항산화 비타민, 무기질을 다량 함유하고 있으며 비파잎 에탄올 추출물은 항산화 활성 및 DPPH radical 소거능이 우수한 것으로 나타나 비파잎을 이용한 기능성 식품의 개발가치가 한층 더 높아질 것으로 기대되어 진다.

Keywords

References

  1. A.O.A.C. 1995. Official methods of analysis (16th Edition) Association of official analytical chemists. Washington, D.C.
  2. Bae, Y. I. and K. H. Shim. 1998. Nutrition components in different parts of korean loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.). Korean J. Postharvest Sci. Technol. 5, 57-63.
  3. Bae, Y. I., C. H. Jeong, and K. H. Shim. 2002. Nitrite-scavenging and antimutagenic effect of various solvent extract from different parts of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.). Korean J. Food Preserv. 9, 92-96.
  4. Bae, Y. I., J. S. Moon, and K. H. Shim. 1998. Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) juice processing and its physicochemical properties. Korean J. Postharvest Sci. Technol. 5, 270-274.
  5. Bae, Y. I., K. I. Seo, S. K. Park, and K. H. Shim. 1998. Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) leaf tea processing and its physicochemical properties. Korean J. Postharvest Sci. Technol. 5, 262-269.
  6. Blois, M. S. 1958. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 181, 1199-1203. https://doi.org/10.1038/1811199a0
  7. Borrello, S., M. E. De Leo, and T. Galeotti. 1992. Transcriptional regulation of Mn-SOD by manganese in the liver of manganese-deficient mice and during rat development. Biochem. Int. 28, 595-601.
  8. Cha, Y. G., J. W. Lee, J. H. Kim, M. H. Park, and S. Y. Lee. 2004. Major components of teas manufactured with leaf and flower of Korean native camellia japonica L. Korean J. Med. Crop Sci. 12, 183-190.
  9. Chae, S. K., G. S. Kang, S. J. Ma, K. W. Bang, M. W. Oh, and S. H. Oh. 2002. Standard food analysis. pp. 381-382, Jigu-Moonwha Sa. Seoul, Korea.
  10. Cho, Y. S., S. K. Park, and H. Y. Lee. 1991. Composition of free sugars, organic acids and free amino acids in Loquat flesh. J. Korean Soc. Food Nutr. 20, 89-93.
  11. Chung, Y. D., S. I. Hong, H. B. Na, and Y. H. Shim. 1991. The study on concentration of serum copper and zinc in stomach cancer patients. Korean J. Nutr. 31, 324-332.
  12. Folin, O. and W. Denis. 1912. On phosphotungastic phosphomolybdic compounds as color regents. J. Biol. Chem. 12, 239-249.
  13. Gancedo, M. and B. S. Luh. 1986. HPLC analysis of organic acid in Waters. pp. 41-46, PICO. TAG system, Young-in Scientific Co. Ltd., Seoul. Korea.
  14. Go, J. K. and S. I. Park. 2005. Sensory property and keeping quality of curd yoghurt added with loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindley) extract. Korean J. Food Nutr. 18, 192-199.
  15. Gomes, A., J. R. Vedasiromoni, M. Das, R. M. Sharma, and D. K. Ganguly. 1995. Anti-hyperglycemic effect of black tea (Camellia sinensis) in rat. J. Ethnopharmacol. 45, 223-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(95)01223-Z
  16. Grundy, S. M. 1986. Comparison of monounsaturated fatty acids and carbohydrates for lowering plasma cholesterol. NEng. J. Med. 314, 2855-2856.
  17. Gutteridge, J. M. 1985. Inhibition of the fenton reaction by the protein ceruloplasmin and other copper complexes: assessment of peroxidase and radical scavenging activities. Chem. Biol. Int. 56, 113-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2797(85)90043-2
  18. Huang, M. T., C. T. Ho, and C. Y. Lee. 1992. Phenolic compounds in food. In phenolic compounds in food and their effects on health II. pp 2-7, Maple Press, New York, USA.
  19. Husain, S. R., J. Cillard, and P. Cillard. 1987. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of flavonoids. Phytochemistry 26, 2489-2491. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83860-1
  20. Jeong, C. H., Y. I. Bae, and K. H. Shim. 2000. Physicochemical properties of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. leaf tea. Korean J. Postharvest Sci. Technol. 7, 117-123.
  21. Jeong, C. H., Y. I. Bae, and K. H. Shim. 2002. Chemical components, antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of Chestnut (Castanea crenata) leaves. Korean J. Food Preserv. 9, 234-239.
  22. Jeong, Y. S., H. K. Jung, K. S. Youn, M. O. Kim, and J. H. Hong. 2009. Physiological Activities of the hot water extract from Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 38, 977-982. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2009.38.8.977
  23. Jung, K. M., G. H. Kang, M. K. Kwon, I. K. Song, D. H. Cho, and Y. D. Chou. 2004. Chemical components and antioxidant activity of persimmon. Korean J. Food Preserv. 11, 175-181.
  24. Kim, B. S., O. J. Choi, and K. H. Shim. Properties of chemical components of Camellia japonica L. leaves according to picking time. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 34, 681-686. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2005.34.5.681
  25. Kim, H. J., C. U. Jo, T. H. Kim, D. S. Kim, M. Y. Park, and M. Y. Byun. 2006. Biological evaluation of the methanolic extract of Eriobotrya japonica and its irradiation effect. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 38, 684-690.
  26. Kim, H. K., Y. J. Choi, and K. H. Kim. 2002. Functional activities of microwave-assisted extracts from Flammulina velutipes. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 34, 1013-1017.
  27. Kim, S. L., N. K. Park, and J. R. Son. 2004. Analysis of amino acids. National Institute of Crop Science. R.D.A., 10, pp. 26-40, Suwon. Korea.
  28. Korea Food and Drug Association. 2005. Food standards codex. pp. 367-368, 383-385. Korean Foods Industry Association. Seoul. Korea.
  29. Lee, C. B. 1982. Korean pictorial book of plants. pp.684-687, Hyangmoonsa. Seoul, Korea.
  30. Lee, K. I. and S. M. Kim. 2009. Antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. leaf extracts. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 38, 267-273. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2009.38.3.267
  31. Namba, T. 1994. The encycolopedia of Wakan-Yaku (traditional Sinojapanese medicines) with color pictures. Vol II. pp. 80-82, Hoikusa. Osaka. Japan.
  32. Park, S. K., J. K. Kim, J. H. Kim, K. D. Moon, and S. L. Oh. 1994. Study on the characteristic of physicochemical quality of oolong herbs tea by extraction conditions. Korean J. Dietary Culture 9, 411-417.
  33. Rice, E. C. A., N. J. Miller, and G. Paganga. 1996. Structure antioxidant activity relationship of flavonoid and phenolic acid. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 20, 933-956. https://doi.org/10.1016/0891-5849(95)02227-9
  34. Rotruck, J. T., A. L. Pope, and H. E. Ganther. 1973. Selenium: biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase. Science 179, 588-590. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.179.4073.588
  35. Ryu, S. W., C. W. Jin, H. S. Lee, J. Y. Lee, K. Sapkota, B. G. Lee, C. Y. Yu, M. K. Lee, M. J. Kim, and D. H. Cho. 2006. Changes in total polyphenol, total flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities of Hibiscus cannabinus L. Korean J. Med. Crop. Sci. 14, 307-310.
  36. Son, G. M., S. M. Bae, J. Y. Chung, D. J. Shin, and T. S. Sung. 2005. Antioxidative effect on the green tea and puer tea extracts. Korean J. Food Nutr. 18, 219-224.
  37. Van Campen, D. R. 1969. Copper interference with the intestinal absorption of zinc-65 by rats. J. Nutr. 99, 97-104.
  38. Whang, T. E., H. O. Lim, and J. W. Lee. 1996. Anticancer effect of Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. by specificity test with several cancer cell lines. Korean J. Med. Crop. Sci. 4, 31-320.
  39. Wungaarden, D. V. 1967. Modified rapid preparation fatty acid esters from liquid for gas chromatographic analysis. Anal. Chem. 39, 848-850. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60251a031

Cited by

  1. Nutritional Components of Korean Traditional Actinidia (Actinidia arguta) Sprout and in vitro Antioxidant Effect vol.47, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2015.47.1.37
  2. Quality Characteristics of Jeolpyun with Different Ratios of Loquat Leaf Powder     vol.25, pp.5, 2015, https://doi.org/10.17495/easdl.2015.10.25.5.842
  3. Antioxidative Effect and Component Analysis of Eriobotrya japonica Leaf Extracts vol.38, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.15230/SCSK.2012.38.1.057
  4. Anti-oxidant Efficacy and Effects on Expression of Growth Factors in Human Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells of Rosa multiflora Root Extracts vol.15, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.20402/ajbc.2016.0109
  5. Protective Effect of Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. on Hepatotoxicity by Carbon Tetrachloride vol.33, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.13103/JFHS.2018.33.1.77