DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The effect of Spectators' Motivation on Satisfaction

관람객의 관람 동기가 공연만족에 미치는 영향

  • Hwang, Kum-Ju (Department of Business Administration, Chung-Ang Univ.) ;
  • Kang, Eun-Ju (Department of Business Administration, Chung-Ang Univ.) ;
  • Hahn, Ju-Hee (Department of Business Administration, Chung-Ang Univ.)
  • 황금주 (중앙대학교 경영경제대학 경영학부) ;
  • 강은주 (중앙대학교 대학원 경영학과) ;
  • 한주희 (중앙대학교 경영경제대학 경영학부)
  • Received : 2010.11.14
  • Accepted : 2011.04.07
  • Published : 2011.04.30

Abstract

This study explored effects of spectators' motivation on their satisfaction from culture-art performance. Most studies of performing arts have focused on effects of marketing elements. However, this study first looked at important elements affecting audiences' satisfaction to identify considerations for effective design processes for performing arts. Second this paper examined how audiences' satisfaction affect their stress in order to understand the relationship between audiences' satisfaction and their psychological stability. This study found that emotional satisfaction and rational satisfaction could improve emotional satisfaction, while only emotional motivation could affect aesthetic satisfaction. According to our analysis, emotional satisfaction led to psychological stability and reduced audiences' stress.

본 연구는 문화예술 공연에 있어 관람객의 동기가 공연 만족에 미치는 영향력을 살펴보았다. 지금까지 공연예술에 대한 연구는 대부분 공연의 마케팅 요소에 초점을 맞추어 이루어져 왔다. 그러나 본 연구는 공연 관람객을 중심으로 공연 기획 과정에서 관람객의 만족을 높이기 위하여 고려되어야 할 점이 무엇인지 알아보고자 하였다. 그리고 관람객의 만족이 구성원의 심리적 안정에 기여하는가를 탐색하기 위하여 스트레스에 미치는 영향력을 알아보았다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 감성적 동기와 이성적 동기는 정서적 만족을 높이는 것으로 나타났으며, 시설 만족에는 감성적 동기의 영향력만이 확인되었다. 그리고 정서적 만족은 관람객의 스트레스를 낮추는 것으로 분석되어 공연 관람을 통한 만족은 관람객의 심리적 안정에 기여하는 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. 강기두, 이지희, "문화예술 공연관람객의 라이프스타일에 관한 탐색적 연구: 뮤지컬 공연 관람객을 중심으로", 경영학연구, 제30권, 제4호, pp. 1043-1167, 2001.
  2. 권상희, 홍종배, "세대별 여가문화소비유형과 삶의 만족도 연구: 여가소비경향, 자기정체성, 대인관계, 여가소비만족도, 삶의 만족도간 관계를 중심으로," 언론정보연구, 제46권 1호, pp. 63-103, 2008
  3. 김소영, 곽영식, 김용준, "Mixture Model을 이용한 공연관람고객의 시장세분화", 광고학연구. 제14권, 제5호, pp. 49-74, 2003.
  4. 김영재, "한국형 여가만족척도 개발과 타당화 검증", 한국체육학회지, 제43권, 제1호, pp. 291-299, 2004.
  5. 김재훈, 박봉섭, "여가스포츠 참여자들의 운동동기가여가만족에 미치는 영향", 코칭능력개발지, 제9권, 제2호, pp. 359-369, 2007.
  6. 김지영, "예술관광으로서 클래식 공연의 관람동기 분석: 영리, 비영리 공연 비교 연구", 관광연구논총, 제21권, 제1호, pp. 71-92, 2009.
  7. 남인수, 남경와, 김종철, "남자대학생의 여가참여동기가 여가만족도와 심리적 행복감에 미치는 영향", 한국여가레크리에이션학회지, 제33권 2p2호, pp. 27-38, 2009.
  8. 문갑수, "부산지역 뮤지컬 관객의 만족도 형성에 관한 연구: 마케팅믹스와 관람동기 요인을 중심으로", 단국대학교 경영대학원, 석사학위논문.
  9. 박승현, 윤태훈, 이호열, "직장인의 여가스포츠 참여동기가 소비행동에 미치는 영향", 한국체육과학회지, 제17권, 제2호, pp. 421-432, 2008.
  10. 성영신, 고동우, 정준호, "여가의 심리적 의미", 한국심리학회지: 제9권, 제2호, pp. 17-40, 1996.
  11. 손애리, "구조방정식 모형을 이용한 스트레스, 우울 및 문제음주 간의 관련성 연구", 보건과 사회과학, 제27권, pp. 61-79, 2010.
  12. 송경옥, "Q방법론을 이용한 뮤지컬 소비자의 관람동기 유형분석", 연세대학교 언론홍보대학원, 석사학위논문.
  13. 안미아, "대중/순수무용 공연의 관람자 성향별 관람동기 및 관람행동 차이분석", 제58호, pp. 124-143, 2009.
  14. 양명환, "직장인들의 운동 참여동기, 참여수준 및 지속의도간의 관계", 한국체육교육학회지, 제8권, 제4호, pp. 197-215, 2004.
  15. 윤설민, 장윤정, 김홍렬, "문화적 여가활동에 따른 여가동기, 제약 및 만족에 관한 연구", 제18권, 제2호, pp. 259-275, 2009.
  16. 이상일, 박희영, "공연예술 관람빈도에 따른 관람행태 분석", 한국사회체육학회지, 제25호, pp. 679-689, 2005.
  17. 이윤경, 정혜선, 장원기, "근로시간에 따른 근로자들의 직무스트레스", 산업간호학회지, 제15권, 제2호, pp. 115-125, 2006.
  18. 전태준, "대학생들의 여가동기가 여가 및 생활만족에 미치는 영향", 한국사회체육학회지, 제36권, pp. 1087-1097, 2009.
  19. 조아미, "청소년 여가동기 척도의 신뢰도와 타당도", 청소년학연구, 제10권, 제4호, pp. 381-401, 2003.
  20. 최길례, "대학생의 여가활동 참여수준과 여가만족분석", 한국여가레크리에이션학회지, 제30권, 제3호, pp. 49-63, 2006.
  21. 최성훈, 김재운, "대학 테니스 동아리 학생들의 테니스 참가동기, 지속수행성, 그리고 지속의도 분석", 한국체육학회지, 제43권, 제2호, pp. 231-238, 2004.
  22. 정익준, "박물관 관람객의 몰입경험이 만족도에 미치는 영향 연구", 실천민속학연구, 제12호, pp. 331-352.
  23. 하선우, 남윤신, "대학생 여가활동참여자의 여가활동관여도, 여가원태 및 대학생활적응의 관계", 한국체육학회지, Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 293-301, 2010.
  24. 한승엽, 김흥렬, 윤설민, 장윤정, "여가활동 유형에 따른 여가만족과 생활만족의 관계 연구: 문화적 여가활동을 중심으로", 관광연구, 제22권, 제3호, pp. 323-339, 2007.
  25. 황선환, "대학생의 여가 동기 유형에 따른 레크리에이션 전문화 과정의 구조모형 분석", 한국여가레크리에이션학회지, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 47-57, 2010.
  26. 허만욱, "문화콘텐츠에서 서사매체의 변용과 발전전략 연구", 우리문학연구, 제29권, pp. 457-483, 2010.
  27. Addis, M., and Holbrook, M. B., "On the conceptual link between mass customisation and experiential consumption: an explosion of subjectivity", Journal of Consumer Behaviour, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 50-66, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.53
  28. Ajzen, I., and Fishbein, M., "Attitude-Behavior Relations: A theoretical analysis and review of empirical research", Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 84, pp. 888-918, 1977. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.84.5.888
  29. Andreasen, A. R., and Belk, R. W., "Predictors of attendance at the performing arts", Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 112-120, 1980. https://doi.org/10.1086/208800
  30. Beard, J. G., and Ragheb, M. G., "Measuring Leisure Motivation", Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 219-228, 1983.
  31. Beard, J. G., and Ragheb, M. G., "Measuring leisure satisfaction", Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 12, pp. 20-33, 1980.
  32. Binter, M. J., "Servicescapes: The impact of physical surroundings on customers and employees", Journal of Marketing, Vol. 56, pp. 57-71, 1992. https://doi.org/10.2307/1252042
  33. Bouder-Pailler, D. (1999), ""A Model for Measuring the Goals of Theatre Attendance"", International Journal of Arts Management 1:225-236.
  34. Broughton, K., and Beggs, B. A., "Leisure satisfaction of older adults", Activities, Adaptation & Aging, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 1-19, 2006.
  35. Ches, R., and McKean, M., "College students' Academic Stress and its relation to their anxiety, time management, and leisure satisfaction", American Journal of Health Studies, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 41-51, 2000.
  36. Churchill, Jr., G. A., and Suprenant, C., "An investigation into the customer satisfaction", Journal of Marketing Research, Vol .19, No.4, pp. 491-504, 1982. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151722
  37. Coleman, D., Iso-Ahola, S. E., "Leisure based social support, leisure dispositions and health," Journal of Leisure Research, Vol.25, pp.350-361, 1993
  38. Crompton, J. L., and MaKay, S. L., "Morives of visitors attending festival events", Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 425-439, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(97)80010-2
  39. Cronin Jr., J. J., and Taylor, S. A., "Measuring Service Quality: A Reexamination and Extension", Journal of Marketing, Vol. 56, No. 3, pp. 55-68, 1992. https://doi.org/10.2307/1252296
  40. Dimanche, F. D., Samdahl, D., "Leisure as symnolic consumption: A conceptualization and prospectus for future research", Leisure Sciences, Vol. 16, pp. 119-129, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490409409513224
  41. Dishman, R. K., "Medical psychology in exercise and sport", The Medical clinics of North America, Vol. 69, No. 1, pp. 123-143, 1985.
  42. Fielding, K., Pearce, P. L., & Hughes, K. (1992). Climbing ayers rock: relating visitor motivation, time perception and enjoyment. The Journal of Tourism Studies, 3(2), 40-52.
  43. Fisk, R. P., and Young, C. E., "Disconfirmation of equity expectations: Effects on consumer satisfaction with services", Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 12, pp. 340-345, 1985.
  44. Fodness, D., "Measuring tourist motivation", Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 555-581, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(94)90120-1
  45. Garbarino, E., and Johnson, M. S., "Effects of consumer goals on attribute weighting, overall satisfaction, and product usage", Psychology & Marketing, Vol. 18, No. 9, pp. 929-949, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.1036
  46. Gnoth, J., "Tourism motivation and expectation formation", Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 283-304, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(97)80002-3
  47. Guinn, B., "Leisure behavior motivation and the life satisfaction of retired persons", Activities, Adaptation & Aging, No.23, Vol. 4, pp. 13-20, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1300/J016v23n04_02
  48. Hawes, D. K., "Leisure and consumer behavior", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 391-403, 1979. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02729687
  49. Hendon, R. C., "Arts participation: Comparing the elderly and non-elderly", Journal of Cultural Economics, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 83-92, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02275979
  50. Heintzman, P., "A conceptual model of leisure and spiritual well-being", Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 147-169, 2002.
  51. Heintzman, P., "Spiritual wellness: Theoretical links with leisure", Journal of Leisurability, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.
  52. Ho, J. T. S., "Stress, health and leisure satisfaction: The case of teachers", International Journal of Educational Management, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 41-48, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513549610105353
  53. Holbrook, M. B., and Hirschman, E. C., "The experiential aspects of consumption: Consumer fantasies, feelings, and fun", Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 132-140, 1982. https://doi.org/10.1086/208906
  54. Hume, M., Mort, G. S., Liesch, P. W., and Winzar, H., "Understanding service experience in non-profit performing arts: Implications for operations and service management", Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 304-324, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2005.06.002
  55. Iso-Ahola, S. E., and Park, C. J., "Leisure-related social support and self-determination as buffers of stress-illness relationship, Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 28, pp. 1996.
  56. Iso-Ahola, S. E., and Allen, J. R., "The Dynamics of Leisure Motivation: The Effects of Outcome on Leisure Needs", Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, Vol. 53, No. 2, pp. 141-149. 1982. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1982.10605240
  57. Iwasaki, Y., Mannell, R. C., Smale, B. J. A., and Butcher, J., "Contributions of leisure participation in predicting stress coping and health among police and emergency response services workers", Journal of Health Psychology, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 79-99, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105305048557
  58. Iwasaki, Y., Roles of leisure in coping with stress among university students: A repeated-assessment field study, Anxiety, Stressand Coping, Vol. 16, No. 1. pp. 31-57, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1080/1061580021000057022
  59. Kotler, P., and Scheff, J., Standing room only: Strategies for marketing the performing arts, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA: 02163.
  60. Lloyd, K. M., and Auld, C. J., "The role of leisure in determining quality of life: Issues of content and measurement", Social Indicators Research, Vol. 57, pp. 43-71, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013879518210
  61. Losier, G. F., Bourque, P. E., and Vallerand, R. J., "A motivational model of leisure participation in the elderly", Journal of Psychology, No. 127, Vol. 2, pp. 153-170, https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1993.9915551
  62. Mannell, R. C., & Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1987). Psychological nature of leisure and tourism experience. Annals of Tourism Research, 14, 314-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(87)90105-8
  63. McCarthy, K. F., and Jinnett, K., A new framework for building participation in the arts, RAND.
  64. Milne, G. R., and McDonald, M. A., Sport Marketing: Managing the exchange process, Jones and Bartlett Publishers International, Toronto.
  65. Minor, M. S., Wagner, T., and Hausman, A., "Rock on! An elementary model of customer satisfaction with musical performances", Journal of Services Marketing, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 7-18, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1108/08876040410520672
  66. Nyssen, A. S., Hansez, I., Baele, P., Lamy, M., De keyser, V., "Occupational stress and burnout in anaesthesia," British Journal of Anaesthesia, Vol.90 No.3, pp.333-337, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aeg058
  67. Oliver, R. L., "A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions", Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 52, pp. 460-409, 1980.
  68. Ragheb, M. G. and Tate, R. L., "A behavioral model of leisure attitude, motivation and satisfaction", Leisure Studies, No. 12, Vol. 1, pp. 61-70, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614369300390051
  69. Reddon, J. R., Pope, G. A., Friel, and Sinha, B. K., "Leisure motivation in relation to psychosocial adjustment and personality in young offender and high school samples", Journal of Clinical Psychology, Vol. 52, No. 6, pp. 679-685, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(199611)52:6<679::AID-JCLP10>3.0.CO;2-J
  70. Robinson, T. M., and Clarke-Hill, C. M., "DIRECTIONAL GROWTH BY EUROPEAN RETAILERS", International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, Vol. 18, No. 5, 1993
  71. Rook, K. S., "Reciprocity of Social Exchange and Social Satisfaction Among Older Women", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 145-154, 1987. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.145
  72. Ryan, R. M., and Deci, E. L., "Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being", American Psychologist, Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 68-78, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
  73. Ryan, C., and Glendon, I., "Application of leisure motivation scale to tourism", Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 169-184, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(97)00066-2
  74. Seaman, B. A., "Attendance and public participation in the performing arts: A review of the empirical literature", Georgia State University Working Paper 06-25, 2005.
  75. Steinkamp, M. W., and Kelly, J. R., "Relationships among motivational orientation, level of leisure activity, and life satisfaction in older men and women", Journal of Psychology, No. 119, Vol. 6, pp. 509-520, 2001.
  76. Swan, J. E., Trawick, I. F., and Maxwell, G. C., "Effect of participation in marketing research on consumer attitudes toward research and satisfaction with a service", Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 53, pp. 356-363, 1981.
  77. Swanson, S. R., Davis, J. C., and Zhao, T., "Art for Art's sake? An examination of motives for arts performance attendance", Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 300-323, 2008.
  78. Swanson, S. R., Davis, J. C., and Zhao, Y., "Motivations and relationship outcomes: The mediating role of trust and satisfaction", Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, No. 18, Vol. 2, pp. 1-25, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1300/J054v18n02_01
  79. Thomas, E. G., and Cutler, B. D., "Marketing the fine and performing arts: What has marketing done for the arts lately?", Services Marketing Quarterly, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 181-199, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332969.1993.9985116
  80. Trenberth, L., and Dewe, P., "The importance of leisure as a means of coping with work related stress: An exploratory study", Counselling Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 59-72, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070110103999
  81. Trenberth, L., and Dewe, P., "An exploration of the role of leisure in coping with work related stress using sequential tree analysis", British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 101-116, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069880412331335885
  82. Trottier, A. N., Brown, G. T., Hobson, S. J. G., and Miller, W., "Reliability and validity of the leisure satisfaction scale (LSS-short form) and the Adolescent leisure interest profile (ALIP)", Occupational Therapy International, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 131-144, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1002/oti.161
  83. Vallerand, R. J., and O'Connor, B. P., "Motivation in the elderly: A theoretical framework and some promising findings", Canadian Psychology, Vol. 30, pp. 538-549, 1989. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0079828
  84. Walster, E., and Walster, G. W., "Equity and social justice", Journal of Social, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 21-44, 1975.
  85. Winner, E., Invented Worlds: The psychology of the arts, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England. 1982.
  86. Yoon, Y., and Uysal, M., "An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty: a structural model", Tourism Management, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 45-56, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2003.08.016
  87. Yu, Y. T., and Dean, A., "The contribution of emotional satisfaction to consumer loyalty", International Journal of Service Industry Management, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 234-250, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1108/09564230110393239