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오이 촉성재배와 반촉성재배 농가들의 토양 및 시비관리기술 평가

Evaluation of Soil and Fertilizer Management Techniques Applied by Farmers in Forcing and Semi-forcing Cucumber Cultivation Facilities

  • 이주영 (국립농업과학원 토양비료과) ;
  • 장병춘 (국립농업과학원 토양비료과) ;
  • 성좌경 (국립농업과학원 토양비료과) ;
  • 이수연 (국립농업과학원 토양비료과) ;
  • 김록영 (국립농업과학원 토양비료과) ;
  • 이예진 (국립농업과학원 토양비료과) ;
  • 박양호 (국립농업과학원 토양비료과) ;
  • 강성수 (국립농업과학원 토양비료과) ;
  • 현병근 (국립농업과학원 토양비료과)
  • Lee, Ju-Young (Soil and Fertilizer Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Jang, Byoung-Choon (Soil and Fertilizer Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Sung, Jwa-Kyung (Soil and Fertilizer Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Su-Yeon (Soil and Fertilizer Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Rog-Young (Soil and Fertilizer Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Ye-Jin (Soil and Fertilizer Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Park, Yang-Ho (Soil and Fertilizer Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Kang, Sung-Soo (Soil and Fertilizer Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Hyun, Byung-Keun (Soil and Fertilizer Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA)
  • 투고 : 2012.08.14
  • 심사 : 2012.12.24
  • 발행 : 2012.12.31

초록

본 연구는 현재 오이재배농가에서 활용하고 있는 우수한 기술을 파악하고 체계화하여 다른 오이재배농가의 고품질 오이생산 및 소득향상을 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 수행하였으며, 그 얻어진 결과는 아래와 같다. 오이 촉성재배 농가들의 토양조건은 하성평탄지 사양질 내지 식양질 토양이었고, 유효토심은 60~100 cm, 작토심은 20~28 cm이었다. 오이 반촉성재배 농가들의 토양조건은 하성평탄지 내지 곡간지에 위치한 사양질 또는 사력질 토양으로, 유효토심은 50~100 cm, 작토심은 20~28 cm이었다. 오이 촉성재배 농가들의 토양관리는 볏짚 $3,000{\sim}15,000kg\;ha^{-1}$을 시용하고, 밑거름으로 퇴비, 유박, 파쇄목, 화학비료 등을 시용하였으며, 이들의 3요소 성분 (질소-인산-가리)의 평균 시용량은 815-464-529 kg $ha^{-1}$ 이었다. 오이 반촉성재배 농가들은 볏짚을 평균 $3,000kg\;ha^{-1}$ 정도를 시용하였고, 밑거름은 퇴비, 유박, 화학비료 등을 시용하였으며, 이들의 3요소 성분 (질소-인산-가리)의 평균 시용량은 197-135-151 kg $ha^{-1}$ 이었다. 웃거름은 촉성재배농가들의 경우 4종류의 양액을 제조하여 2~3일 간격으로 한 종류씩 관비형태로 시용하였고, 반촉성재배 농가들은 농가마다 다르게 수용성비료들을 용액으로 제조하거나, 자가 제조 발효액 또는 미생물제 등을 2~3일 간격으로 관비형태로 시용하였다. 오이 묘의 정식은 경운 로타리 후 정식하였다. 하우스 내 볏짚의 시용은 월동기 토양온도를 증진시키거나 높게 유지하는 역할을 하며, 공기의 유통과 뿌리 뻗음을 좋게하고, 특히 토양 중 염류와 영양성분들의 집적을 방지하거나 감소시키는 역할을 하는 것으로 조사되었다. 오이 촉성재배시 호당 평균수량은 $168,000kg\;ha^{-1}$ 이었고, 평균 조수익은 381,000 천원 $ha^{-1}$ 이었으며, 반촉성재배 시 평균수량은 $115,000kg\;ha^{-1}$ 으로, 평균 조수익은 177,000 천원 $ha^{-1}$ 이었다. 농가의 소득은 월동기인 12~ 3월의 오이 가격이 높아 농가소득에 영향이 큰 것으로 조사되었다.

These days, agricultural products cultivated in facilities occupy the highest percentage of agricultural output price. Specifically cucumbers have been one of the crops that farmers prefer to growing, because their prices were high. However, cucumber crop is sensitive to the soil and environments and it requires the exact crop management. In order to establish cultivation techniques for cucumbers, the current situation of cucumber cultivation was surveyed from ten cucumber farmlands; five farmlands of cucumber cultivation in forcing and five of semi-forcing practicing systems, respectably. The soil conditions were alluvial or valley in soil topology, moderately or poorly drainage in soil drainage classes, coarse loamy in soil texture family. Soil was managed with deep plowing combined with application of basal fertilizers such as compost, rice straw, oil cake, wood chip and chemical fertilizer. The whole soil was prepared in uniformly with rotary. Three major nutrients ($N-P_2O_5-K_2O$)of basal application were 815-464-529 kg $ha^{-1}$ in forcing and 197-135-151 kg $ha^{-1}$ in semi-forcing cultivation. Top dressing of fertilizer was supplied in fertigation system of macro and micro elements in 2~3 day interval with water irrigation. The average yields of cucumbers were $168t\;ha^{-1}$ with 381,000 thousand won $ha^{-1}$ in average gross profit (AGP) in forcing cultivation and $115t\;ha^{-1}$ with 177,000 thousand won $ha^{-1}$ in AGP in semi-forcing cultivation. Cucumber production during the winter season was considered to increase the gross profit because cucumber price tends to stay in high level during this time. The accumulation of soil chemicals like EC, available $P_2O_5$ and exchangeable cations could be controlled by rice straw application. The rice straw application increased soil temperature during the winter season, in exchange of soil air, and in extension of plant roots. In addition, the rice straw application somewhat affected decrease of salts accumulation.

키워드

참고문헌

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피인용 문헌

  1. Changes of Chemical Properties and Correlation under No-tillage Silt Loam Soil with Ridge Cultivation of Plastics Film Greenhouse Condition vol.48, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2015.48.3.170
  2. Physicochemical Analyses and Korean Consumers' Acceptability of Environment-Friendly and Conventionally Grown Cucumber vol.28, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2015.28.6.1071