Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association (대한가정학회지)

The Korean Home Economics Association (대한가정학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

An Analysis of the Causal Relationships between Cognition, Attitude, and Behavior toward Appearance Management

외모관리에 대한 인지, 태도, 행동 간의 인과관계 분석

  • Park, Kwang-Hee (Department of Fashion Marketing, Keimyung University) ;
  • Yoo, Hwa-Sook (Department of Clothing & Textiles, University of Ulsan)
  • Received : 2001.08.31
  • Accepted : 2011.11.28
  • Published : 2012.01.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of appearance management cognition on attitude toward appearance management and the effect of this attitude on appearance management behavior. It also examines how demographic factors affect these relationships. This study gave a questionnaire survey to adults between the ages of 40 and 50 in Seoul, Daegu, and Ulsan, South Korea. Data collected from 368 respondents were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. The study model was tested by structural equation modeling, the results of which revealed a positive effect of appearance management cognition on attitude toward appearance management and a positive effect of attitude toward appearance management on appearance management behavior. The results of t-testing showed that there were significant differences in cognition, attitude, and behavior toward appearance management by gender, age, educational level, and income.

Keywords

References

  1. An, N-Y. (2007). The effects of sociocultural attitudes toward appearance and objectified body consciousness on appearance-management behaviors. Unpublished master's thesis, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
  2. Aubrey, J. S. (2004). The media's impact on selfobjectification, body emotions, and sexual dysfunction: A test of objectification theory. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan. Ann Arbor, USA.
  3. Aune. R. K., & Aune. K. S. (1994). The influence of culture, gender and relational status on appearance management. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 25(2), 258-272.
  4. Baek, S-J. (2011). A study on variables of adolescent's appearance management behavior. Unpublished master's thesis, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
  5. Cash, T. F. (1990). Losing hair, losing points?: The effects of male pattern baldness on social impression formation. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 20(2), 154-167. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1990.tb00404.x
  6. Cho, S-M., & Koh A-R. (2001). The effects of sociocultural attitude toward appearance and body images on clothing benefits sought -the comparison of age difference in female adolescents-. Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles, 25(7), 1227-1238.
  7. Cho, Y-M. (2009). The effects of self-efficacy, cognitive age and body-cathexis of middle-aged men on the appearance-management behaviors. Unpublished master's thesis, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
  8. Chung, M-S. (2003). The influence of self-perceived physical attractivedness on self-esteem and appearance management behavior of adult women. The Journal of the Korean Society of Costumes, 53(3), 165-179.
  9. Engel, J. G., Blackwell., R. D., & Miniard, P. W. (1995). Consumer behavior. Chicago: The Dryden Press.
  10. Featherstone, M (1982). The body in consumer culture. Theory, Culture & Society, 1(1), 18-33. https://doi.org/10.1177/026327648200100203
  11. Formell, C., & Larker, D. (1981). Evaluating structure equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Science, 43(1), 39-50.
  12. Gim, W-S., Ryu, Y-J., & Kwon, J-H. (2009). The effect of body value on appearance-management behaviors: focusing on mediation effect of sociocultural attitude toward appearance (SATA) and appearance orientation. Korean Journal of Consumer and Advertising Psycology, 10(3), 581-600.
  13. Goffman, E. (1961). Identity kits. In M. E. Roach & J. B. Eicher(Eds). Dress, Adornment, and the Social Order. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  14. Heinberg, L. J., Thompson, J. K., & Stormer, S. (1995). Development and validation of the sociocultural attitudes towards appearance questionnaire. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 17(1), 81-89. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-108X(199501)17:1<81::AID-EAT2260170111>3.0.CO;2-Y
  15. Hong, K-H. (2006). The influence of the sociocultural attitudes towards appearance, BMI and body image on self-esteem. Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles, 30(2), 348-357.
  16. Hurlock, E. B. (1978). Developmental psychology(4th ed.). New Delhi: Tata Mcgraw-hill Publishing Company.
  17. Hyun, K-S. (2001). The effect of the danjeon breathing exercise program applied to health promotion in women in midlife. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea.
  18. Jeon, H-J., & Chung, M-S. (2010). The effects of sociocultural attitudes toward appearance and objectified body consciousness on the behavior of 20-30's women for appearance management. Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetics, 16(2), 590-601.
  19. Jeon, H-J., & Jung, M-S. (2010). The influence of a physical-related stress and appearance concern on appearance management behavior of middle-aged women. Journal of Korean Beauty Society, 16(2), 466-474.
  20. Jeon, K-R., & Lee, M-H. (2002). A study on the need, self-esteem, and aesthetic surgery attitude of female. The Journal of the Korean Society of Costumes, 52(6), 71-83.
  21. Jung, U-J. (2011). A study on attitude and characteristics towards appearance care of adult male. Journal of the Korea Soceity of Beauty and Art, 12(2), 27-45.
  22. Kaiser, S. B. (1990). The social psychology of clothing: Symbolic appearance in context. NY: Macmillan Publishing Company.
  23. Kang, J-H. (1995). A study on the male consumer's brand perception of men's business suit by benefit segmentation. Unpublished master's thesis, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
  24. Kim, E-H. (2006). A study on professional unmarried men's clothing purchase.appearance management behavior and self-respect. Unpublished master's thesis, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea.
  25. Kim, J-Y. (2010). The effect of attributes of large stores on consumer's attitude. Unpublished master's thesis, Hongik University, Seoul, Korea.
  26. Kim, S-H. (2003). A study on the sociocultural attitude toward appearance and appearancemanagement behavior -focused on females in their twenties-. Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association, 41(5), 99-108.
  27. Kim Y., & Hwang, S-J. (2008). Effects of socio-cultural pressure and objectified body consciousness on the behavior of women for appearance management. Journal of the Korean Society of Costume, 58(10), 112-122.
  28. Kim, Y., & Lee, J-N. (2009). The effect of sociocultural pressure and objectified body consciousness on appearance management behavior for male adults. Journal of the Korea Soc. Beauty and Art, 10(1), 153-167.
  29. Kim, Y-J. (1996). The effect of fashion images on Korean women's self-concept and clothing attitudes. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
  30. Kim, Y-S., & Park, J-Y. (2009). The analysis on appearance management of male college students -focused on management of hair, skin, cosmetic surgery, fashion and body shape-. Journal of Korean Living Science Association, 18(1), 259-273.
  31. Ku, Y-S., Lee, Y-J., & Choo, T-G. (2010). A study on appearance management behavior of male consumers(1) -focusing on the age-. Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing Industry, 12(4), 459-466. https://doi.org/10.5805/KSCI.2010.12.4.459
  32. Kwak, Y-S. (2009). Appearance management behaviors and consciousness of middle and high school male students as determined by the satisfaction with their appearance. Unpublished master's thesis, KyungHee University, Seoul, Korea
  33. Lee, E-H. (2007). A study on university students' appearance behavior and life style. Journal of Korean Living Science Association, 16(3), 665-676.
  34. Lee, H-S., & An, G-H. (1995). Consumer behavior. Seoul: Bobmunsa.
  35. Lee, J-H. (2006). A study on the effects of family strengths and self-esteem on the adaptation in school life for college students. Unpublished master's thesis, Daegu University, Daegu, Korea
  36. Lee, S-Y. (2005). How the psychological traits and perceptions of appearance of menopause women affect their visit to skin care center. Unpublished master's thesis, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea.
  37. Lee, Y-J. (2007). Male consumers' motives of appearance management behavior -focused on their sex role identities and benefit sought in clothing-. Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles, 31(4), 551-562. https://doi.org/10.5850/JKSCT.2007.31.4.551
  38. Lim, I-S. (2001). Sociocultural context of diet -focused on college women's look-discriminatory experience and the body images of mass media-. Korean Journal of Sociology, 38(2), 165-187.
  39. Lim, J-Y. (2007). Consumer behavior. Seoul: Kyungmunsa.
  40. Morry, M. M., & Staska, S. L. (2001). Magazine exposure: internalization, self objectification, eating attitudes, and body satisfaction in male and female university students. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 33(4), 269-279. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0087148
  41. Park, S-J., & Park, K-S. (2008). Male attitude and recognition for appearance management behavior. The Research Journal of the Costume Culture, 16(3), 533-546.
  42. Park, Y-B. (2001). Consumer behavior. Seoul: Pakyoungsa.
  43. Richins, M. L. (1991). Social comparison and the idealized images of advertising. Journal of Consumer Research, 18(1), 71-83. https://doi.org/10.1086/209242
  44. Ryou, E-J., & Kim, Y-H. (2008). Appearance management behaviors and motives by body image of college men. Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association, 46(1), 63-72.
  45. Shin, Y-W. (2006). A study on influencing variables of man's appearance management behavior. Unpublished master's thesis, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
  46. Solomon, M. R., & Rabolt, N. J. (2007). Consumer behavior in fashion. (S-H. Lee, M-S. Kim, & J-S. Hwang, Trans.). NY: Prentice Hall. (Original work published 2004).
  47. Woo, J-Y. (2006). A study on the cosmetics purchasing behavior according to the 20-30 year old men's life style. Journal of the Korean Society of Costume, 56(1), 56-69.
  48. Yoon, S-Y. (2007). A Study on cognition and attitude toward appearance management in college women : focused on hair, skin care, makeup, and cosmetic surgery-. Unpublished master's thesis, Hannam University, Daejeon, Korea.
  49. Zajonc, R. B., & Markus, H. (1982). Affective and cognitive factors in preferences. Journal of Consumer Research, 9(2), 112-131.

Cited by

  1. The Effects of Consumption Values on Appearance Management Behaviors - Differential, Material and Practical Value- vol.16, pp.6, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5805/SFTI.2014.16.6.897
  2. A study on male adult' appearance management behavior according to objectified body consciousness vol.22, pp.5, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7741/rjcc.2014.22.5.809
  3. The Effects of Appearance Instrumentality on Adolescents' Body Satisfaction and Appearance Management Behaviors - Focusing on the comparative analysis by adolescents' sex - vol.22, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5934/KJHE.2013.22.1.75
  4. Differences of Appearance Management Behaviors among Clothing Consumption Value vol.18, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5805/SFTI.2016.18.5.606
  5. 여대생의 퍼스널 이미지 만족도와 구직효능감과의 관계에서 외모관리행동의 매개효과 vol.22, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.12940/jfb.2018.22.4.160
  6. Causal Effect of Parents’ Play Participation Level and Play Participation Attitude on Preschooler’s Executive Function vol.41, pp.6, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5723/kjcs.2020.41.6.37
  7. Development of the Adult Pandemic Attitude Scale (A-PAS) vol.18, pp.12, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126311