Abstract
We investigated the changes in chemical properties of paddy field soils at 300 different sampling sites containing 4 topography in Jeonbuk province, Korea. The soil samples were collected 43.0% from local valley and fans, 39.3% from fluvio-marine deposits, 15.0% from alluvial plains, and 2.7% from diluvium sites. The optimal values of soil properties in the total soil samples were as follows: 65.3% of total samples in soil pH value, 48.3% of total samples in cation exchange capacity (CEC) value, and 22.3% of total samples in available phosphorus content, whereas the deficient values of soil properties were 63.3% of total samples in soil organic matter (SOM) content, 75.7% of total samples in available silicate content, and 61.3%, 51.0%, and 59.3% of total samples in exchangeable $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, and $Mg^{2+}$ concentrations, respectively. There were different soil types in the paddy fields: that is, 34.4% immature paddy and 33.6% sandy paddy in the local valley and fans, 57.8% sandy paddy in the alluvial plains, 47.4% normal paddy in the fluvio-marine deposits, and 75.7% immature paddy in the diluvium. Soil textures were also different: 53.5% loam in the local valley and fans, 37.8% sandy loam in the alluvial plains, and 55.1% silty loam in the fluvio-marine deposits. Soil pH and SOM contents were not different among the different topographical sampling sites. However, the mean value of available phosphorus content, 224 mg $kg^{-1}$, was exceeded optimal values in the diluvium. The contents of exchangeable cations were optimal in all the sites, except exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$ contents in the local valley and fans. The contents of available silicate ranged between 112 and 127 mg $kg^{-1}$ in all the sites, which were lower than optimal value. In addition, soil pH values were proportionally correlated to the order of available silicate, exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Na^+$, CEC, and exchangeable $K^+$. The contents of SOM were proportionally correlated to the order of CEC, available $P_2O_5$, exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$, and available silicate. The contents of heavy metals, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn, were only 10% of the threshold levels of the metals, and As content was about 20 to 30% of the threshold level.
지형 특성에 따른 논토양 화학성변화를 조사하기 위해 전북지역 논 300개 지점에서 토양 물리화학성 및 중금속함량을 조사하였다. 논토양 분포 지형은 곡간 및 선상지 43.0%, 하해혼성평탄지 39.3%, 하성평탄지 15.0%, 홍적대지 2.7% 순이었다. 토양성분별 적정비율은 pH 65.3%, CEC 48.3%, 유효인산 22.3%이었고, 부족비율은 유기물 63.3%, 치환성 $K^+$ 61.3%, $Ca^{2+}$ 51.0%, $Mg^{2+}$ 59.3%, 유효규산 75.7%이었다. 곡간 및 선상지의 논토양 유형은 미숙답과 사질답이 각각 34.4과 33.6%이었고, 하성평탄지는 사질답 57.8%, 하해혼성평탄지는 보통답 47.4%, 홍적대지는 미숙답이 75.7%이었다. 곡간 및 선상지형의 토성은 양토가 53.5%를 차지하고, 하성평 탄지는 사양토 37.8%, 하해혼성평탄지에서는 미사질양토가 55.1%를 차지하고 있었다. 지형에 따라 pH와 유기물함량은 차이가 없었고, 유효인산은 홍적대지에서 224 mg $kg^{-1}$로 적정범위를 초과하였고, 치환성양이온은 곡간 및 선상지에서 $Ca^{2+}$을 제외하고 모두 적정범위에 분포하였다. 유효규산은 112~127 mg $kg^{-1}$ 수준으로 모든 지형에서 적정수준에 미치 지 못하였다. 토양 pH는 유효규산, 치환성 $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Na^+$, CEC, 치환성 $K^+$ 순으로 정의 상관관계, 토양유기물 함량은 CEC, 유효인산, 치환성 $Ca^{2+}$, 유효규산과 정의 상관관계를 보 였다. 논토양의 Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn은 토양오염우려기준의 약 10%, As는 약 20~30%수준으로 분포하고 있어 전북지역 논토양은 안전한 것으로 조사되었다.
