Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science (한국초지조사료학회지)

The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science (한국초지조사료학회)
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Forage Quality and Production of Phragmites communis as a Native Grass According to Growth Stages

부존 조사료자원 갈대의 생육시기별 사료가치 및 생산량

  • 서성 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 김원호 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 정민웅 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 이상학 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 김천만 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 최진혁 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 김진숙 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 김하영 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 이종경 (농업기술실용화재단)
  • Received : 2012.02.28
  • Accepted : 2012.03.16
  • Published : 2012.06.30
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Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the forage quality, production, and regrowth of Phragmites communis as a native grass according to growth stages. Experiment 1 was conducted in Ansan from May 2009 to April 2010 (7 stages), and experiment 2 was conducted in Cheonan from May to November 2011 (10 stages). In experiment 1, forage quality decreased rapidly with advance of growth from May. When harvested on late May, July, September and April of the following year, the contents of crude protein were 7.7%, 4.6%, 3.7%, and 2.2%, respectively. Relative feed value (RFV) were 80.2, 65.1, 61.8 and 52.8, and lignin contents were 7.1%, 9.9%, 12.0%, and 13.2%, respectively. In experiment 2, significantly higher forage yields were observed when harvested from late June to mid July. On the other hand, forage quality decreased with delayed harvest as was in experiment 1. Good regrowth of Phragmites communis was observed when harvested earlier than in August. When harvested on late May, June, July, August, September, October and November, the dry matter (DM) yields were 7,329 kg/ha, 12,527 kg, 9,593 kg, 8,279 kg, 7,649 kg, 5,822 kg and 5,540 kg, and in vitro digestible DM (IVDDM) yields were 3,924 kg/ha, 5,264 kg, 4,273 kg, 3,322 kg, 3,352 kg, 2,195 kg and 1,887 kg, respectively. Forage quality grades of Phragmites communis were 4th grade in May, 5th grade from June to Sept., and 6th grade in Oct., Nov., or in Apr. of the following year. However, all regrown Phragmites communis ranked the 4th in quality. In conclusion, we recommend that Phragmites communis should be harvested from late June to mid July (no later than the end of July) to obtain good forage quality with digestible nutrient contents greater than rice straw. Regrowth of Phragmites communis was poor, and more than 70% of annual forage yields were out of the first harvest. Therefore, we recommend only one harvesting per year for good regrowth and stable production of Phragmites communis.

본 연구는 부존 조사료자원의 활용으로 수입 사료를 줄이고 사료비 절감에 기여하고자 갈대 (Phragmites communis)를 공시하여 생육시기별 사료가치와 재생 및 생산성을 구명하였다. 시험 1은 경기 안산 시화간척지 갈대 자생지에서 2009년 5월부터 2010년 4월까지 7생육시기별 사료가치를 분석하였으며, 시험 2는 천안 국립 축산과학원 갈대 재배지에서 2011년 5월부터 11월까지 10시기별로 수량과 사료가치 및 재생 특성을 조사하였다. (시험 1) 5월부터 갈대의 생육이 진행될수록 사료가치는 크게 낮아졌다. 조단백질 함량은 2009년 5월, 7월, 9월, 2010년 4월 말에 수확하였을 때 각각 7.7%, 4.6%, 3.7%, 2.2%로, 상대사료가치 (RFV)는 각각 80.2, 65.1, 61.8, 52.8로, 건물 소화율은 각각 59.3%, 46.9%, 42.2%, 36.4%로 감소하였다. 반면 리그닌 함량은 7.1%, 9.9%, 12.0%, 13.2%로 크게 증가하였다. (시험 2) 1차 수확한 갈대의 생육과 수량은 6월 하순에서 7월 중순 수확시 양호하였으며, 조단백질, RFV, 건물소화율 등 사료 가치는 시험 1과 마찬가지로 생육이 진행될수록 낮아졌다. 1차 수확이 빠를수록 갈대의 재생은 양호한 경향이나 7월 말 이후는 차이가 작았고, 8월 이후 재생은 매우 부진하였다. 연간 수량은 2011년 5월, 6월, 7월, 8월, 9월, 10월, 11월 말에 수확하였을 때 건물수량은 각각 7,329 kg/ha, 12,527 kg, 9,593 kg, 8,279 kg, 7,649 kg, 5,822 kg, 5,540 kg으로, 조단백질 수량은 각각 1,067 kg/ha, 1,201 kg, 1,046 kg, 533 kg, 377 kg, 258 kg, 175 kg으로, 가소화 건물수량은 각각 3,924 kg/ha, 5,264 kg, 4,273 kg, 3,322 kg, 3,352 kg, 2,195 kg 및 1,887 kg으로 낮아졌다(p<0.05). 본 연구에서 RFV를 기준한 갈대의 조사료 (건초) 품질등급은 5월 갈대는 4등급 (다소 불량), 6~9월 갈대는 5등급 (불량), 10월, 11월 및 이듬 해 4월 갈대는 6등급 (부적합)이었으며, 재생 갈대는 모두 4등급 (다소 불량)으로 분류되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여볼 때, 갈대는 늦어도 7월 안으로 수확 사료화 하는 것이 양호한 가소화 건물수량과 볏짚 이상의 사료적 가치를 기대할 수 있어 권장되었다. 아울러 갈대의 재생은 전반적으로 불량하였고 1차 수량이 연간 수량의 70% 이상을 점유하였으며, 갈대는 연 1회 수확하여 사료화 이용이 바람직하였다.

Keywords

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