Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety (해양환경안전학회지)

The Korean Society of Marine Environment and safety (해양환경안전학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Overview of Major Oil Spill at Sea and Details of Various Response Actions 2. Analysis of Marine Oil Pollution Incidents in Korea

대형 기름유출사고와 방제조치에 관한 연구 2. 국내 해양 기름오염사고 분석

  • Kim, Kwang-Soo (Division of Maritime Transportation System, Mokpo National Maritime University)
  • 김광수 (목포해양대학교 해상운송시스템학부)
  • Received : 2013.08.08
  • Accepted : 2013.10.25
  • Published : 2013.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In order to seize quantitative materials as part of studies on measures for oil pollution prevention and control, the statistics of oil pollution incidents in Korean coastal waters for 10 years from 2003 to 2012 were analyzed with relation to the number of oil spills and the volume of oil spilt according to causes, sources and sea areas of spills. Total number and total volume of oil spills for 10 years were found to be 2,833 cases and 17,877 kL, respectively. 50.4 %(1,429 cases) of total number of oil spills were caused by negligence, although oil spillage due to negligence was 294 kL(1.7 %). While oil spillage caused by marine accidents was 17,400 kL(97.3 %), marine accidents accounted for 27.9 %(790 cases) of total number of oil spills. While negligence had a great influence on the number of oil spills, marine accidents had a huge impact on the amount of oil spilt. Fishing boats accounted for 42.7 %(1,210 cases) of the number of oil spills, and although oil tankers accounted for 9.2 %(261 cases) of the number of oil spills, oil spillage from oil tankers was 15,488kL(86.7 %). It means that oil tankers such as VLCC or ULCC may be the main sources of major oil spills and a few very large spills are responsible for a high percentage of the amount of oil spilt. While the number of oil spill incidents was closely related to the accidents of fishing boats, the volume of oil spilt was greatly affected by the major oil spill incidents of oil tankers such as M/T Hebei Spirit. The number and volume of oil spills were shown to be 1,613 cases(56.9 %) and 3,804 kL(21.3 %) in South Sea, 700 cases(24.7 %) and 13,501 kL(75.5 %) in West Sea, and 520 cases(18.2 %) and 572 kL(3.2 %) in East Sea of Korea, respectively. The highest number of oil spills was found in South Sea and the most volume of oil spilt was shown in West Sea of Korea for 10 years.

해양 기름오염 방제조치에 관한 연구의 일환으로 정량적 기초자료를 확보하기 위하여 최근 10년간(2003~2012년) 국내 연안에서 발생한 기름오염사고에 관한 통계자료를 수집하여 연간 기름오염사고 건수와 연간 기름 유출량을 사고 원인(Cause)별, 오염원(Source)별, 해역(Sea area)별로 분석하였다. (1) 사고 원인별로 분석한 결과, (1) 부주의로 인한 사고 건수(1,429건)와 해양사고로 인한 사고 건수(790건)가 각각 전체 건수(2,833건)의 50.4 %와 27.9 %를 차지하였다. 그리고 해가 거듭될수록 해양사고로 인한 사고 건수는 감소하는 경향을 보인 반면에 부주의로 인한 사고 건수는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. (2) 해양사고로 인한 유출량(17,400 kL)이 전체 기름 유출량(17,877 kL)의 97.3 %를 차지하였고 부주의로 인한 기름유출량(294 kL)이 1.7 %를 점유하였다. (2) 오염원별로 분석한 결과, (1) 어선에 의한 사고건수(1,210건)가 전체 건수(2,833건)의 42.7 %, 기타 선박에 의한 사고 건수(620건)가 21.9 %, 화물선에 의한 사고 건수(367건)가 13.0 %, 유조선에 의한 사고 건수(261건)가 9.2 %를 차지하였다. 해가 거듭될수록 어선에 의한 사고 건수는 감소하는 경향을 보였지만 여전히 높은 수치를 보인 반면에 화물선과 기타 선박에 의한 사고 건수는 완만하게 증가하는 경향을 보였고 유조선에 의한 사고 건수는 연간 13~37건으로 해마다 크게 변동하였다. (2) 유조선의 기름 유출량(15,488 kL)이 전체 기름 유출량(17,877 kL)의 86.7 %를, 기타 선박의 기름 유출량(898 kL)이 5.0 %를, 화물선의 기름 유출량(733 kL)이 4.1 %를, 어선의 기름 유출량(590 kL)이 3.3 %를 차지하였다. (3) 해역별로 분석한 결과, (1) 남해에서의 사고 건수(1,613건)와 기름 유출량(3,804 kL)은 전체 사고 건수의 56.9 %와 전체 기름 유출량의 21.3 %를, 서해에서의 사고 건수(700건)와 기름 유출량(13,501 kL)은 전체 사고 건수의 24.7 %와 전체 기름 유출량의 75.5 %를, 동해에서의 사고 건수(520건)와 기름 유출량(572 kL)은 전체 사고 건수의 18.2 %와 전체 기름 유출량의 3.2 %를 차지함으로써 사고 건수에서는 남해가 최고였고 기름 유출량에서는 2006년까지는 남해가 최고(1위)였으나 2007년 유조선 Hebei Spirit호 기름유출사고 이후에는 서해가 최고(1위)였으며, 동해에서의 사고 건수와 기름 유출량이 모두 남해나 서해보다 적은 값으로 나타났다. (2) 해가 거듭될수록 동해와 남해에서의 사고 건수와 기름 유출량이 모두 감소하는 경향을 보인 반면에 서해에서는 사고 건수가 연도별 증감의 변동 폭이 적어 거의 일정한 경향을 보였으며 기름 유출량은 연도별로 증감의 변동 폭이 컸다.

Keywords

References

  1. Cho, H. J. and C. W. Ha(2012), The Effectiveness of the Dispersant Use during the "Deepwater Horizon" Incident - REVIEW of the proceedings from 2011 International Oil Spill Conference -, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 61-65. https://doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2012.18.1.061
  2. Huijer, K.(2005), Trends in Oil Spills from Tanker Ships 1995-2004, the 28th Arctic and Marine Oil spill Program(AMOP) Technical Seminar, http://www.itopf.com/ uploads/amop05.pdf
  3. IMO(2005), Manual on oil pollution : Section IV. Combating oil spills, ISBN 92-801-4177-5, pp. 23-40.
  4. ITOPF(2013), http://www.itopf.com/information-services/data -and-statistics/statistics/
  5. Kang S. G. and C. G. Kang(2003), Case Analysis of Marine Pollution Accidents: Centering on M/T Sea Prince Accident, Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea, Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 38-49.
  6. KCG(2004), Korea Coast Guard 2004 White Paper, pp. 180-187.
  7. KCG(2005), Korea Coast Guard 2005 White Paper, pp. 234-247.
  8. KCG(2006), Korea Coast Guard 2006 White Paper, pp. 246-257.
  9. KCG(2007), Korea Coast Guard 2007 White Paper, pp. 272-283.
  10. KCG(2008), Korea Coast Guard 2008 White Paper, pp. 276-287.
  11. KCG(2009), Korea Coast Guard 2009 White Paper, pp. 248-258.
  12. KCG(2010), Korea Coast Guard 2010 White Paper, pp. 222-234.
  13. KCG(2011), Korea Coast Guard 2011 White Paper, pp. 230-245.
  14. KCG(2012), Korea Coast Guard 2012 White Paper, pp. 208-223.
  15. KCG and KMPRC(2004), A collection of cases for the prevetion and control of marine pollution in Korea, registration number of administrative publications: 11-1530000-000031-14, pp. 3-9.
  16. KEI(2011), Mid- and Long-term Effect Analysis and System Improvement Plan of Marine Oil Spill Incident (III), Korea Environment Institute, p. 350.
  17. Kim, K. S.(2009), A Study on the Change of Education System for Marine Pollution Prevention Manager in Korea - A Comparative Analysis between Old Marine Pollution Prevention Act and New Marine Environment Management Act, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 105-110.
  18. Kim, K. S.(2010), A Study on Reported Status and Management Plan of Marine Facilities in Korea 1. On the Basis of Nationwide Status of Marine Facilities, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 269-274.
  19. Kim, K. S.(2013), Overview of Major Oil Spill at Sea and Details of Various Response Actions 1. Number and Volume of Marine Oil Spills in Korea and in the World, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 129-137. https://doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2013.19.2.129
  20. KOEM(2009), Study on Plan of Strengthening Capability of Korea Marine Environment Management Corporation for Prevention and Control of Oil Spill at Sea - Final Report, p. 275.
  21. Lee, M. and S. J. Kwon(2011), Analysis on Impact and Recovery Effectiveness of Hebei Spirit Oil Spill Accident for Living and Production Environment, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, Vol 7, No. 1, pp. 1-6.
  22. MOF(2013), Draft Basic Plan for the Supply and Demand and the Welfare of Seafarers, Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea, pp. 1-63.
  23. US FISG-OBCSET(2010), Oil Budget Calculator "Deepwater Horizon" Technical Documentation, A Report to the National Incident Command by the Federal Interagency Solutions Group, Oil Budget Calculator Science and Engineering Team, USA, pp. 1-49.

Cited by

  1. A Study on Improved Emergency Management System - Focused on Response to Diffusion of Oil Spilled in Marine - vol.30, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.14346/JKOSOS.2015.30.2.83
  2. A Study on the Prevention of Spill of Fuel Oils and Lubricating Oils for Sunken Ships vol.21, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2015.21.3.309
  3. The Present State of Marine Oil Spills and the Enhancement Plans of National Oil Spill Response Capability in Vietnam - Through the Comparison of Statistics and OSR System between Vietnam and Republic vol.23, pp.6, 2013, https://doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2017.23.6.690