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In vitro Antimutagenic and Genotoxic Effects of Sophora Radix Extracts

고삼추출물의 in vitro 항돌연변이원성과 유전독성 연구

  • Cho, Hyeon-Jo (Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Yoon, Hyunjoo (Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Park, Kyung-Hun (Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Je-Bong (Agro-Material Safety Evaluation Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Shim, Chang-Ki (Organic Agriculture Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Jin Hyo (Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Jeong, Mi Hye (Agro-Material Safety Evaluation Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Oh, Jin-Ah (Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Doo-Ho (Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Paik, Min-Kyoung (Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • 조현조 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 화학물질안전과) ;
  • 윤현주 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 화학물질안전과) ;
  • 박경훈 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 화학물질안전과) ;
  • 이제봉 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 농자재평가과) ;
  • 심창기 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유기농업과) ;
  • 김진효 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 화학물질안전과) ;
  • 정미혜 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 농자재평가과) ;
  • 오진아 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 화학물질안전과) ;
  • 김두호 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 화학물질안전과) ;
  • 백민경 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 화학물질안전과)
  • Received : 2013.10.04
  • Accepted : 2013.12.04
  • Published : 2013.12.31

Abstract

Sophorae radix extract (SRE) has been registered as an environment-friendly organic material that is widely used in the cultivation of crops in Korea. Matrine, the active ingredient in SRE, was reported as a toxic substance in the nervous system in mice. However, no information is available on its toxic effects in other organisms. Therefore, antimutagenicity and two kinds of genotoxicity tests (bacterial reverse mutation and chromosome aberration test) of two samples of SRE were investigated in this study. Antimutagenicity test was experimented by using bacterial reverse mutation test. In the reverse mutation test, Salmonella Typhimurim TA98, TA1535 and TA1537 were used to evaluate the mutagenic potential of SRE. Bacterial reverse mutation test was also performed on positive and negative control groups in the presence of the metabolic activation system (with S-9 mix) and metabolic non-activation system (without S-9 mix). In the chromosome aberration test, Chinese hamster lung cells were exposed to SRE for 6 or 24 hours without S-9 mix, or for 6 hours with S-9 mix. Negative and positive control groups were experimented for chromosome aberration test. As a result, the number of mutated colonies induced by 4-NQO were reduced by SRE treatment in all strains, indicating that SRE may have antimutagenic effects. Reverse mutation was not shown at all concentrations of SRE, regardless of application of the metabolic activation system. In the chromosomal aberration test, one of the SRE sample gave a suspicious positive result at 250 ${\mu}g/ml$ in the presence of S-9 mix. For the more adequate evaluation of the genotoxic potential of SRE samples, other in vivo genotoxicity study is needed.

고삼추출물은 한국에서 유기농업자재로 등록되어 있어 친환경농산물 재배시에 널리 사용되고 있다. 고삼추출물의 유효성분인 matrine은 쥐의 신경계에 독성을 나타낸다고 보고된 바 있으나 다른 안전성 확인 연구는 미비한 상황이다. 따라서 본 연구는 고삼추출물 2종을 이용하여 항돌연변이원성 시험과 유전독성시험 2종(복귀돌연변이 및 염색체이상 시험)을 실시하였다. 항돌연변이원성 시험은 복귀돌연변이 시험방법을 이용하여 실시하였으며, 복귀돌연변이 시험으로는 Salmonella Typhimurium TA98, TA1535와 TA1537을 이용하여, S-9 mix를 사용한 대사활성계 처리군과 PBS를 사용한 대사활성계 미처리군으로 구분하여 진행하였다. 염색체이상 시험은 Chinese hamster lung cells을 이용하여 고삼추출물 시료에 대사활성계 처리군은 6시간 노출시켰고, 대사활성계 미처리군은 각각 6시간과 24시간 노출시켜 시험하였다. 항돌연변이 시험 결과, 4-NQO에 의해 유도된 돌연변이 집락수는 고삼추출물 시료 처리에 의해 감소되어 항돌연변이 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 시험결과, 복귀돌연변이 시험에서는 고삼추출물의 모든 시험 농도군에서 대사활성계의 처리 유무와 관계없이 독성이 나타나지 않았다. 반면, 염색체이상시험 결과 고삼추출물 시료 1종에서 대사활성계 미처리군에서는 250 ${\mu}g/mL$, 대사활성 처리군에서는 500 ${\mu}g/mL$ 의 농도에서 의양성이 나타났고 이 이하의 농도에서는 모두 음성으로 나타났으며, 나머지 시료 1종에서는 모든 처리농도군에서 음성으로 판정되었다. 고삼추출물의 유전독성 가능성을 더 정밀히 평가하기 위해서는 향후 battery system에 포함된 다른 in vivo 유전독성 시험을 추가로 시행하여 유전독성 여부를 최종 확인할 필요가 있다고 판단된다.

Keywords

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