DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Evaluation of the diet and nutritional states of elementary and middle school students in the Daegu area by using nutrition quotient for children

어린이 영양지수 (NQ)를 활용한 대구 지역 남녀 초등학생과 중학생의 식생활과 영양 상태 평가

  • Lee, Su Jung (Department of Home Economics Education, Korea National University of Education) ;
  • Kim, Youngnam (Department of Home Economics Education, Korea National University of Education)
  • Received : 2013.09.05
  • Accepted : 2013.10.14
  • Published : 2013.10.31

Abstract

The purposes of this study are to assess the diet and nutritional states of elementary and middle school students in the Daegu area by using nutrition quotient (NQ) for children. A survey was conducted with 366 elementary school students and 364 middle school students. Elementary school students showed higher total NQ scores (66.2) than middle school students (58.3), without gender difference. Elementary school students showed higher NQ scores in all 5 domains (balance, diversity, abstinence, regularity, practice) than middle school students. As for gender difference, boys showed higher scores than girls in balance and diversity, and girls showed higher scores in abstinence than boys. When scores of 5 domains were evaluated as good or bad, the percentage of good was highest in abstinence (63.4%) and lowest in diversity (22.9%). The percentage distribution of NQ of 1st (excellent) to 5th (bad) grades were 8.4%, 13.6%, 44.5%, 19.3%, 14.2%, respectively. In the 1st grade, there were 9.5%p more elementary school students, and in the 5th grade, there were 11.6%p more middle school students. No gender differences were found in the distribution of the NQ grades. Since NQ for children presents a convenient method of evaluating the diet and nutritional states of many subjects simply and simultaneously, a follow-up study will hopefully revise and supplement the question items and standards of judgement by the age groups.

본 연구는 대구지역 초등학생과 중학생 730명을 대상으로 어린이 NQ를 적용하여 식생활과 영양 상태를 평가하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) NQ는 초등학생 66.2, 중학생 58.3으로 중학생이 초등학생보다 7.9 낮았으며, 남학생 62.8, 여학생 61.6로 남학생이 1.2 높았으나 유의한 차이는 아니었다. 균형, 다양, 절제, 규칙, 실천의 5개 영역별 평가 점수는 초등학생이 중학생보다 모두 높았고, 성별 비교에서 균형과 다양은 남학생이 절제는 여학생이 점수가 높았다. 2) NQ 영역별 양호, 불량 판정 결과, 양호로 판정된 비율이 가장 높았던 영역은 절제 2/3 (63.4%)이었으며, 균형 1/2 (49.9%), 규칙 1/3 (37.8%), 실천 1/4 (26.0%)의 순으로 나타났다. 양호의 비율이 가장 낮았던 영역은 다양으로 1/5 (22.9%)이 양호로 판정되었다. 5개 영역 모두에서 학교급별 차이가 있었으며, 즉 초등학생이 중학생보다 양호의 비율이 높았다. 성별 차이는 절제 영역만 유의하였으며, 양호 여학생 비율은 70.2%로 초, 중, 남, 여 학생 5개 영역의 양호 비율 가운데 가장 높은 수치이었다. 3) NQ 등급별 분포를 조사하였을 때 최우수 8.4%, 우수 13.6%, 보통 44.5%, 약간 불량 19.3%, 불량 14.2%로, 불량한편 (33.5%)이 우수한 편 (22.0%) 보다 1.5배 많았다. NQ 등급별 분포 실태는 학교급별로 차이가 있었으며, 즉 최우수와 우수 등급 비율은 초등학생이 중학생보다 높았으며, 약간 불량과 불량 비율은 중학생이 초등학생보다 높았다. NQ 등급별 분포는 성별 차이가 없었다. 5) NQ는 BMI 비만도를 제외한 가족 구성, 부모의 교육 수준, 어머니의 취업 상태, 가정 경제, 주관적 건강인식, 운동시간에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. NQ 영역 가운데 균형은 부모의 교육 수준, 가정 경제, 주관적 건강인식, 운동시간과, 다양은 모의 교육 수준, 가정 경제, 주관적 건강인식, 운동시간과, 규칙은 가족 구성, 부모의 교육 수준, 어머니의 취업 상태, 가정 경제, 주관적 건강인식, 운동시간과, 실천은 부모의 교육수준, 가정 경제, 주관적 건강인식, BMI 비만도, 운동시간에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 5개 영역 가운데 절제는 조사 요인 모두에 영향을 받지 않았고, BMI 비만도는 NQ를 포함하여 실천을 제외한 모든 영역에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 결론으로 어린이 NQ를 활용한 식생활과 영양 상태 판정에서 중학생이 초등학생보다 점수가 낮았는데, 국민건강영양조사에서도 중 고등학생의 영양소 섭취실태가 초등학생보다 낮았던 것으로 보고되었다. 중학생 대상의 NQ가 별도 개발되면 바람직하겠지만, 현 단계에서의 차선책으로 어린이 NQ의 중 고등학생 적용을 고려할 수 있다. 다만 5개 영역의 양호, 불량판정 기준, 특히 NQ 등급 판정 기준은 초등학생 대상의 조사에 근거한 것으로 중학생을 대상으로 하는 전국 규모 어린이 NQ 조사와 식행동 조사에 기초하여 새로이 설정되어야 하겠다. 그리고 향후 영양교육에 있어 절제 보다는 다양과 실천의 강조 필요성을 확인할 수 있었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Tanner JM. Growth and maturation during adolescence. Nutr Rev 1981; 39(2): 43-55
  2. Kim GR, Kim MJ. A survey on the dietary behavior of high school students -about regularity of meal and number of meal per day-. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 2011; 40(2): 183-195 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.2.183
  3. Kim HY, Kwon S, Lee JS, Choi YS, Chung HR, Kwak TK, Park J, Kang MH. Development of a Nutrition Quotient (NQ) equation modeling for children and the evaluation of its construct validity. Korean J Nutr 2012; 45(4): 390-399 https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2012.45.4.390
  4. Son Y, Kim HJ. A study on the eating habits, nutrition and dietary fiber intakes of teenagers in Gyeong-Nam Areas. J Korean Home Econ Educ Assoc 2005; 17(4): 1-26
  5. Kim JS, Park MS, Cho YS, Lee JW. Effects of school-based nutrition education for Korean food guide on food intake frequency of adolescents. Korean J Community Nutr 2005; 10(5): 582-591
  6. Lee JW, Lee MS, Kim JH, Son SM, Lee BS. Individual meal survey. In: Nutritional Assessment, 1st revision. Paju: Kyomunsa; 2008. p.41-58
  7. Kang MH, Lee JS, Kim HY, Kwon S, Choi YS, Chung HR, Kwak TK, Cho YH. Selecting items of a food behavior checklist for the development of Nutrition Quotient (NQ) for children. Korean J Nutr 2012; 45(4): 372-389 https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2012.45.4.372
  8. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (KR). Special act on safety control of children's dietary life. Legislation No. 11988 [Internet]. Cheongwon: Ministry of Food and Drug Safety; 2013 [cited 2013 Sep 25]. Available from: http://www.law.go.kr/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=142430&efYd=20140131#0000
  9. Ministry of Health & Welfare (KR). Child welfare law. Legislation No. 11572 [Internet]. Seoul: Ministry of Health & Welfare; 2012 [cited 2013 Sep 25]. Available from: http://www.law.go.kr/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=130854&efYd=20130619#0000
  10. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2007 Physical growth of children's and adolescents in Korea [Internet]. Cheongwon: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2008 [cited 2012 Sep 1]. Available from: http://www.cdc.go.kr/
  11. Ministry of Health & Welfare, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2007 Korean Health Statistics: National Health and Nutrition Survey 4th period 1st year [2007]. Cheongwon: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2008
  12. The Korean Nutrition Society; Amway. Nutrition Quotient [Internet]. Seoul: The Korean Nutrition Society; 2012 [cited 2013 Sep 5]. Available from: https://www.nutrilite.co.kr/nq.asp
  13. National Institute of the Korean Language. Basic Korean dictionary. Seoul: National Institute of the Korean Language; 2002 [cited 2013 Sep 3]. Available from: http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/main.jsp
  14. Yoo JS. Investigation of dietary intake and Nutrition Quotient (NQ) by elementary school children in Gyeongbuk area [dissertation]. Gyeongsan: Daegu University; 2012
  15. Ministry of Health & Welfare, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Korean national health and nutrition examination survey. Seoul: Ministry of Health & Welfare; 2010 [cited 2012 March 5]. Available from: http://knhanes.cdc.go.kr
  16. Gibson RS. Principles of nutritional assessment. New York (NY); Oxford University Press; 1990

Cited by

  1. Evaluation of Food Behavior and Nutritional Status of Preschool Children in Nowon-gu of Seoul by Using Nutrition Quotient (NQ) vol.19, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.1.1
  2. Relationship between Food Behavior and Level of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Elementary School Students in Suwon-si, Korea vol.21, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.14373/JKDA.2015.21.2.110
  3. Evaluation of Nutrition Quotient and Related Factors in Preschool Children vol.21, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.1.1
  4. Evaluation of Eating Behavior and Nutritional Status Using the Nutrition Quotient in Obese Children vol.25, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.7570/kjo.2016.25.4.225
  5. Evaluation of Dietary Behavior among Elementary School Students in Seoul Area Using Nutrition Quotient for Children vol.32, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2016.32.1.84
  6. Development of NQ-A, Nutrition Quotient for Korean Adolescents, to assess dietary quality and food behavior vol.50, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2017.50.2.142
  7. Assessment of dietary behavior of Chinese children using nutrition quotient for children vol.47, pp.5, 2014, https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2014.47.5.342
  8. Relationships between children's Nutrition Quotient and the practice of the Dietary Guidelines of elementary school students and their mothers vol.48, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2015.48.1.58
  9. Evaluation of dietary behavior and nutritional status of elementary school students in Jeju using nutrition quotient vol.48, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2015.48.4.335
  10. Evaluation of Dietary Behavior among Preschooler in Jecheon Area Using Nutrition Quotient for Preschoolers vol.34, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2018.34.4.413
  11. Evaluation of Dietary Behavior and Nutritional Status of Children at Community Child Center in Busan Area Using Nutrition Quotient vol.34, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2018.34.4.424
  12. Development of Nutrition Quotient for Korean adults: item selection and validation of factor structure vol.51, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2018.51.4.340
  13. Relationships between Obesity and Dietary Habits of Preschool Children and Their Parents in Dongducheon Based on the Nutrition Quotient (NQ) vol.23, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2018.23.3.216
  14. 어린이 영양지수로 살펴본 지역아동센터 어린이의 식생활과 영양상태 - 경주지역 - vol.25, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.17495/easdl.2015.2.25.1.73
  15. The Infant and Child Growth Assistance System Based on a Smartphone vol.21, pp.8, 2016, https://doi.org/10.9708/jksci.2016.21.8.095
  16. 어린이 영양지수로 살펴본 유아와 초등학생의 식행동과 비만 사이의 관련성에 있어서 연령의 차이 vol.49, pp.6, 2013, https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2016.49.6.447
  17. 어린이 영양교육 실태 및 영양상태 분석 vol.29, pp.6, 2013, https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2016.29.6.1070
  18. 어린이 영양지수를 이용한 강화군 영·유아의 식행동 실태 평가 vol.27, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.17495/easdl.2017.2.27.1.17
  19. 소아청소년 체중상태에 따른 식사의 질 평가 및 비만과의 연관성 분석 vol.23, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.14373/jkda.2017.23.3.263
  20. 유아의 영양상태에 영향을 미치는 식행동 유형 분석 : 어린이 식행동 검사 (DBT)와 어린이 영양지수 (NQ) 활용 vol.52, pp.6, 2019, https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2019.52.6.604
  21. Effects of Self-management on the Nutrition Quotient (NQ) of College Athletes vol.31, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.7856/kjcls.2020.31.1.37
  22. 대구·경북지역 성인의 건강관리를 위한 식생활 안전관리 인식과 역량 vol.25, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2020.25.2.112
  23. Study on the Dietary Behavior of Adolescents in Multicultural Families Using the Nutrition Quotient and Their Changes in the Nutrition Knowledge and the Dietary Attitudes after Nutrition Education vol.30, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.17495/easdl.2020.6.30.3.208