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Impact of Elevated Temperature in Growing Season on Growth and Fruit Quality of Red Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

생육기 온도상승이 고추의 생육 및 과실품질에 미치는 영향

  • Song, Eun Young (National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Moon, Kyung Hwan (National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Son, In Chang (National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Chun Hwan (National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Lim, Chan Kyu (National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Son, Daniel (National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Oh, Soonja (National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA)
  • 송은영 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 온난화대응농업연구센터) ;
  • 문경환 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 온난화대응농업연구센터) ;
  • 손인창 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 온난화대응농업연구센터) ;
  • 김천환 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 온난화대응농업연구센터) ;
  • 임찬규 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 온난화대응농업연구센터) ;
  • 손다니엘 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 온난화대응농업연구센터) ;
  • 오순자 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 온난화대응농업연구센터)
  • Received : 2014.10.31
  • Accepted : 2014.11.09
  • Published : 2014.12.30

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the impact of elevated temperature in growing season on the growth and fruit quality of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) by cultivating pepper in the temperature gradient tunnels. Plant height, stem diameter, leaf number and total leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight increased at ambient $+2^{\circ}C$ temperature, whereas each leaf area decreased as temperature increased. The plants grown under ambient $+2^{\circ}C$ temperature showed the greatest number of flower and fruit. Fruit weight, fruit length and fruit diameter decreased as the temperature increasing gradually. Total fruit number, total fruit weight and total dry fruit weight was the highest at ambient $+2^{\circ}C$ temperature. Major free sugars of red pepper fruit were fructose and glucose. Free sugar content of red pepper according to the differences in harvesting times and in growth temperature showed a little differences. The yield of red pepper fruit at ambient $+2^{\circ}C$ temperature increased by 13% compared with the control. However, the yield of red pepper fruit at ambient $+4^{\circ}C$ temperature decreased by 20% as compared to control. Non-marketable fruits (diseased fruit, malformed fruit and small sized fruit) increased as the temperature rised.

본 연구는 생육기 온도상승이 고추의 생육 및 과실품질에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 온도구배터널을 이용하여 수행하였다. 생육기 온도상승에 따른 고추의 생육을 조사한 결과, 대조구인 대기온도 조건에 비해 $2^{\circ}C$ 높은 고온조건에서 자라는 고추가 초장도 길었고, 줄기직경도 두꺼웠으며, 엽수, 식물체당 총엽면적, 생체중 및 건물중도 증가되었다. 평균 엽면적은 생육온도가 높아질수록 점점 줄어드는 경향을 보였다. 주된 개화 및 착과시기인 6월 상순7월 상순(정식 후 30일~60일간)의 일평균 대기온도가 26.8인 대기온도 $+2^{\circ}C$조건에서 개화수 및 착과수가 가장 많았다. 고추 생육기 온도가 높을수록 과중은 적었고 과장도 짧아으며 과경도 얇아지는 경향을 보였다. 과실 적과수, 적과량, 건조과 중량, 주당 누적 적과수, 누적수량 및 건고추수량을 조사한 결과 대기온도 $+2^{\circ}C$ 조건에서 가장 많았다. 건고추의 유리당 함량을 조사한 결과 fructose가 가장 많고 다음으로 glucose 순 이었고 sucrose는 거의 측정되지 않았다. 고온성 노지작물인 고추는 생육온도조건보다 $2^{\circ}C$ 상승되었을때 수량이 13% 증가하나 $4^{\circ}C$ 상승되었을 때에는 20% 이상 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 생육기 온도가 상승됨에 따라서 병해과, 기형과 및 소과 발생은 증가되는 양상을 보였으나 충해과의 발생은 줄어드는 경향을 보였다. 본 실험 결과 대기온도보다 $2^{\circ}C$ 상승시킨 조건에서는 수량이 증가하고 품질도 유지되었으나 그 이상의 온도에서는 수량 및 과실품질이 저하되고 병해피해도 발생될 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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