Journal of Mushroom (한국버섯학회지)

The Korean Society of Mushroom Science (한국버섯학회)
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Mushroom growth and cultivation environment at cultivation house of vinyl bag cultivation Shiitake mushroom on high-temperature period

고온기 표고 톱밥재배용 재배사 내의 환경 제어시스템과 버섯생육 온도

  • Jhune, Chang-Sung (Mushroom research Division, Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Kong, Won Sik (Mushroom research Division, Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Park, Hye-Sung (Mushroom research Division, Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Cho, Jae-Han (Mushroom research Division, Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Kang-Hyo (Mushroom research Division, Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA)
  • 전창성 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 인삼특작부 버섯과) ;
  • 공원식 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 인삼특작부 버섯과) ;
  • 박혜성 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 인삼특작부 버섯과) ;
  • 조재한 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 인삼특작부 버섯과) ;
  • 이강효 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 인삼특작부 버섯과)
  • Received : 2014.11.04
  • Accepted : 2014.11.30
  • Published : 2014.12.31
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Abstract

Although sawdust cultivation of shiitake (Lentinula edodes) is becoming more common, it is insufficiently competitive in spring and autumn, the best time to breed shiitake. Thus, it is urgently needed to develop a technique for all year round cultivation of shiitake using mushroom growing beds. In the present study, the temperature changes according to the location of shiitake cultivation facilities were investigated. We confirmed that a refrigerator, an air conditioner, triple membranes, shiitake cultivation beds, fog nozzles which were installed in the shiitake cultivation facilities play an important role in keeping the low temperature. Bag cultivation of shiitake was tested in temperature variation from $14^{\circ}C$ to $29^{\circ}C$ with a $3^{\circ}C$ interval to know its cultivating temperature range in hot summer season. In summary, the sawdust cultivation of shiitake is possible when the temperature difference between top and bottom is maintained below $1^{\circ}C$. And the temperature of the shiitake cultivation facilities should be maintained below $23^{\circ}C$ in the induction period for fruitbody formation.

표고 재배방법이 원목재배에서 톱밥재배로 전환되어가고 있는 추세이다. 하지만 재배적기인 봄가을의 버섯생산은 톱밥재배는 경쟁력이 매우 취약한 상태이다. 이를 개선하기 위하여 연중재배 방안의 개발이 절실하며, 균상재배에 대한 필요성이 높아진 상태이다. 농가 재배사의 위치별 온도변화와 시설 및 장비에 대한 조사와 재배온도별 버섯발생 및 자실체의 형태적 특성을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 재배사 내의 온도는 외부 온도가 $34^{\circ}C$일 때에 내부온도는 $30{\sim}31^{\circ}C$이었으며, 상하단의 온도 편차는 $1^{\circ}C$이내였고, 밤의 온도는 외부온도가 $22{\sim}21^{\circ}C$ 일 때에 내부는 $22{\sim}23^{\circ}C$ 수준으로 $1^{\circ}C$ 높았다. 전체적으로 보면 $24^{\circ}C$미만은 버섯 발생 및 생육이 가능한 온도대의 시간은 22:30부터 아침 7:30분까지이며, 습도는 온도와는 반대로 낮에는 55~65% 내외이나 밤에는 85~95%내외를 유지하였다. 재배사 시설들은 냉동기, 물콘, 3중막 표고재배사, 미스트 및 포그노즐 등이었으며, 재배자들은 낮은 온도를 유지하기 위하여 많은 노력을 하고 있었다. 봉지배배에서 혹서기에 재배가능한 온도를 확인하기 위하여 $14^{\circ}C$부터 $29^{\circ}C$ 까지 $3^{\circ}C$ 간격으로 항온상태에서 버섯재배사에서 재배한 결과 $23^{\circ}C$까지는 버섯이 발이 또는 생산되었으나 $26^{\circ}C$부터는 버섯생산이 불가능하였다. 버섯품질을 결정하는 버섯 색깔과 형태적 특성변화에서 명도값은 온도가 증가하면서 증가하였고, 대의 채도(a, b)값은 서서히 감소하였으며, 갓에서는 채도(b)값은 온도에 따른 큰 변화가 없었으나, 채도 (a)값은 감소하였다. 형태적 특징 중에서 갓크기는 1차 수확에서는 온도 증가에 따라 서서히 감소하였으나 2차 수확에서는 증가하였다. 대길이는 재배온도가 높아지면 대길이가 길어지며, 갓두께는 1차 수확에서는 서서히 감소하지만 2차 수확은 1차보다 빠르게 증가하였다. 위의 내용을 종합해보면 표고톱밥 재배사내에 상하단의 온도편차가 $1^{\circ}C$ 이내로 균상재배가 가능하며, 버섯 발생유도기간에 온도는 $23^{\circ}C$ 이하에서만 가능할 것이다.

Keywords

References

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