The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science (농약과학회지)

The Korean Society of Pesticide Science (한국농약과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Application of Oral Absorption in Establishment of AOEL for Pesticides and Occupational Risk Assessment for farm worker

경구흡수율을 반영한 농약의 AOEL 설정 및 농작업자 위해성 평가

  • You, Are-Sun (Division of Agro-material Safety Evaluation, Department of Agro-food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science) ;
  • Hong, Soonsung (Division of Agro-material Safety Evaluation, Department of Agro-food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science) ;
  • Lee, Je Bong (Division of Agro-material Safety Evaluation, Department of Agro-food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science) ;
  • Lee, Seungdon (Division of Agro-material Safety Evaluation, Department of Agro-food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science) ;
  • Ihm, Yangbin (Division of Agro-material Safety Evaluation, Department of Agro-food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science)
  • 유아선 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 농자재평가과) ;
  • 홍순성 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 농자재평가과) ;
  • 이제봉 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 농자재평가과) ;
  • 이승돈 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 농자재평가과) ;
  • 임양빈 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 농자재평가과)
  • Received : 2014.10.13
  • Accepted : 2014.10.31
  • Published : 2014.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Methods of establishment of AOEL (Acceptable Operator Exposure Level), application of oral absorption by country, and calculation of exposure dose for operator risk assessment in USA, EU and Korea were investigated. Oral absorption of 141 active substances for pesticides was also investigated, then operator risk assessment was conducted with AOEL including oral absorption and Korean AOEL. Internal dose converted to external dose with oral or dermal absorption in USA and EU, but external dose to which oral absorption was not applied was used for establishment of AOEL in Korea. Oral absorption of 50 active substances among 141 were below 80%. In case of application of oral absorption as a correction factor in below 80%, AOELs of about 36% active substances were considered to be lower than the current Korean AOELs. Operator risk assessment of 28 active substances among 50 active substances with oral absorption below 80% was conducted with EU AOELs. TER (Toxicity Exposure Ratio) of 12 plant protection products including chlorothalonil WG (Water-dispersible Granule) was less than 1 and the risk was high. Operator risk assessment of 24 active substances among 50 active substances with oral absorption below 80% was conducted with Korean AOELs. TER of 6 plant protection products including chlorothalonil WG were less than 1 and the risk was high. Operator risk assessment of 4 plant protection products not having Korean AOEL was conducted with converted EU AOEL into AOEL not including oral absorption. The results indicated TER of 4 products including daminozide WP (Wettable Powder) was over 1 and risk was low. 22 products except 6 products such as oxadiagyl SC (Suspension Concentration) were shown the same results of risk assessment between EU AOELs and Korean AOELs. As a result, it was considered that AOELs including oral absorption was possible to be used for operator risk assessment. It was considered operator risk assessment with AOEL including oral absorption was more like real assessment method, and improvement of assessment was needed for application to evaluate pesticides in registration.

미국, EU, 한국의 농작업자위해성평가를 위한 AOEL 설정, 국가별 경구흡수율 적용, 노출량 산출방법을 조사하였다. 농약성분 141종에 대한 경구흡수율을 조사하였으며 경구흡수율을 적용한 농작업자노출허용량(AOEL)과 국내 설정 AOEL을 이용하여 농작업자위해성평가를 실시하였다. 미국과 EU에서는 external dose를 internal dose로 변환하기 위하여 경구흡수율 또는 피부흡수율을 적용하였으나 한국에서는 AOEL 설정 시 경구흡수율을 적용하지 않은 external dose를 사용하였다. 141종의 농약성분 중 50종이 경구흡수율 80% 미만이었으며 경구흡수율을 적용하는 경우 약 36%의 농약성분이 이전 AOEL보다 낮아질 것으로 사료되었다. 50종의 농약성분 중 한국에 등록된 농약 28품목에 대해 EU AOEL을 이용하여 농작업자위해성평가를 실시한 결과, chlorothalonil WG 등 12품목이 독성노출비가 1 이하로 계산되어 위해성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 50종 중 한국 AOEL이 설정되어 있으며 한국에 등록된 농약 24품목에 대해 한국 AOEL을 이용하여 농작업자위해성평가를 실시한 결과, chlorothalonil WG 등 6품목은 독성노출비가 1 이하로 위해성이 높게 나타났다. 한국 AOEL이 없는 4품목에 대해 EU AOEL을 경구흡수율 100%로 환산한 수치를 이용하여 위해성평가를 실시한 결과, daminozide WP 등 4품목 모두 독성노출비 1 초과로 위해성이 낮게 나타났다. 경구흡수율 적용 및 미적용 EU AOEL과 한국 AOEL을 사용한 농작업자위해성평가를 비교한 결과 oxadiagyl SC 등 6품목을 제외한 22품목에서 동일한 위해성평가 결과가 나타났다. 본 연구 결과, 농작업자 위해성 평가를 실시할 때 경구흡수율을 적용한 AOEL을 이용할 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다. 경구흡수율을 적용한 AOEL 설정 및 이용한 농작업자위해성평가를 수행하였을 때 보다 실제에 가까운 평가방법으로 판단되므로 등록농약의 평가에 적용될 수 있도록 개선이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Agro-Material industry Division, RDA (2012) Enforcement ordinace, attach 2 in legislation for pesticide regulation, Legislation and Notification.Directive for pesticide regulation, RDA, pp. 202-214.
  2. Agro-Material industry Division, RDA (2012) Enforcement ordinace, attach 2 in legislation for pesticide regulation, Legislation and Notification.Directive for pesticide regulation, RDA, pp. 228-236.
  3. Byoun, J. Y., H. Choi, J. K. Moon, H. W. Park, K. H. Liu, Y. B. Ihm, B. S. Park and J. H. Kim (2005) Risk assessment of human exposure to methidathion during harvest of cucumber in greem house. Journal of Korean Society of Toxicology 21:297-301.
  4. Calumpang, S. M. F. and M. J. B. Medina (1996) Applicator exposure to imidacloprid while spraying mangoes. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 57:697-704. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001289900246
  5. Choi, H., H. Choi, J. K. Moon, K. H. Liu, H. W. Park, Y. B. Ihm, B. S. Park and J. H. Kim (2006) Risk assessment of human exposure to cypermethrin during treatment of mandarin fields. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 50:437-442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-005-1050-3
  6. Crosby, D. G. (1998), Environmental toxicology and chemistry, Chapter 10 exposure and risk, pp. 185-204.
  7. European commission (2006), Guidance for the setting and application a of acceptable operator exposure levels (AOELs), Health & Consumer protection directoratiegeneral, SANCO 7531-rev.10.
  8. JMP (1986) UK Predictive Operator Exposure Model (POEM): Estimation of exposure and absorption of pesticides by spray operator, UK scientific Sub-committee on Pesticides and British Agrochemical Association Joint Medical Panel, Pesticide Safety Directorate, York, UK.
  9. Korea Crop Protection Association (2014), Guidline for plant protect product, Korea Crop Protection Association.
  10. Kim, E. H., H.R. Lee, H. Choi, J. K. Moon, S. S. Hong, M. H. Jeong, K. H. Park, H. M. Lee, A. X. Hua and J. H. Kim (2011) Method validation for monitoring of agricultural worker exposure to insecticide fenthion. The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science, 15(4):357-365.
  11. Liu, K. H., C. S. Kim and J. H. Kim (2003) Human exposure assessment to mancozeb during treatment of madarin fields. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 70:336-342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-002-0196-1
  12. PHED (1992) Notice of Availability of the Pesticides Handler Exposure Database (PHED) version 1.1, through VERSAR, Inc., Arlington, VA, USA, Federal Register, 57(107): 23403-23404, Washington, DC, USA.
  13. POEM (1992) UK Predictive Operator Exposure Model (POEM): A User Guide, Pesticides safety directorate, York, UK.
  14. Shin, J. S. (2007) Study on Establishment of Acceptable Operator Exposure Level, Research report in department of Agro-food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, pp. 319-330.
  15. Turnbull, G. L. (1985) Current trends and future needs, In: Turnbull GL (de) Occupational hazards of pesticide use, Taylor& Francis, London, pp. 99-116.
  16. Van Golstein Brouwers, Y. G. C., J. Marquart and J. J. van Hemmen (1996) Assessment of occupational exposure to pesticides in agriculture, Part IV, Protocol for the use of generic exposure data, TNO report V96.1358, TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands.
  17. Van Hemmen, J. J. (1992) Agricultural pesticide exposure database for risk assessment. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 126:1-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9748-9_1
  18. Van Hemmen, J. J. (1993) Pretictive exposure modelling for pesticide registration purpose, Ann. Occup. Hyg. 37:525-541. https://doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/37.5.525

Cited by

  1. Exposure Assessment of Apple Orchard Workers to the Insecticide Imidacloprid Using Whole Body Dosimetry During Mixing/Loading and Application vol.20, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.7585/kjps.2016.20.3.271
  2. Estimation of Exposure Dose and Occupational Risk Assessment with Various Dermal Absorption Default in Spraying of Plant Protection Products vol.21, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.7585/kjps.2017.21.4.434
  3. Comparative Estimation of Exposure Level and Health Risk Assessment of Highly Produced Pesticides to Agriculture Operators by Using Default Dermal Absorption Rate or Actual Measurement Values vol.22, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.15616/bsl.2016.22.4.199
  4. 화학사고 주변 지역 거주자의 보건환경 관리를 위한 건강위해성 평가 방법 개발에 관한 연구 vol.28, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.15269/jksoeh.2018.28.1.1
  5. 생활권 수목에 살포된 살충제 Fenitrothion의 이용자 노출 및 위해성 평가 vol.107, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.14578/jkfs.2018.107.2.229