Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회지)

Korean Society of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Growth Environment and Vegetation Structure of Native Habitats of Wikstroemia ganpi (Sieb. et Zucc.) Maxim

거문도닥나무(Wikstroemia ganpi (Sieb. et Zucc.) Maxim.) 자생지의 생육환경과 식생구조

  • Yoon, Jung-Won (Department of Landscape Architecture, Graduate School, Yeungnam University) ;
  • Yi, Myung-Hoon (Department of Landscape Architecture, Graduate School, Yeungnam University) ;
  • Kim, Yong-Shik (Department of Landscape Architecture, Yeungnam University)
  • 윤정원 (영남대학교 대학원 조경학과) ;
  • 이명훈 (영남대학교 대학원 조경학과) ;
  • 김용식 (영남대학교 조경학과)
  • Received : 2014.01.20
  • Accepted : 2014.04.29
  • Published : 2014.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The present study was to survey the site environment, vegetation structure and soil characteristics in the wild habitats of Wikstroemia ganpi in Goheung, Busan and Ulsan, and offers basic information for habitat conservation and restoration. Most of the wild habitats were located at altitudes between 28~242m with inclinations ranged as $0{\sim}40^{\circ}$. The canopy openness was 57.56%. The vegetation structure by the PC-ORD based on the Two Way Cluster Analysis were divided into three groups Community I(Castanea crenata-Pinus densiflora), Community II(Quercus dentata-Pinus thunbergii) and Community III (Pinus thunbergii). The species diversity was 1.3650, and evenness and dominance were found recorded as 0.8666 and 0.1333, respectively. The soil textures were silty loam and sandy loam. The average soil pH was 5.5, electric conductivity was 0.15dS/m, soil organic matter was 2.60% and available phosphorus was 4mg $kg^{-1}$. Correlation coefficients based on environmental factors, vegetation and soil analysis were showed that positive correlations between species diversity and evenness, organic matter and total nitrogen, whereas species slop degree and coverage of herb, diversity and dominance were showed negative correlations.

본 연구는 고흥, 부산 및 울산지역에 분포하는 거문도닥나무 자생지의 입지 환경, 식생구조 및 토양특성을 조사하여 자생지 보전 및 복원을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 거문도닥나무 자생지는 해발 28~242m에 위치하고, 경사는 $0{\sim}40^{\circ}$로 다양하며, 수관개방율은 57.56%로 나타났다. PC-ORD를 이용한 이단계 군집분석 결과 군집 I(밤나무-소나무군집), 군집 II(떡갈나무-곰솔군집), 군집 III(곰솔군집) 등 세 개의 식물군집으로 분리되었다. 종다양도는 평균 1.3650이며, 균등도와 우점도는 각각 0.8666과 0.1333으로 나타났다. 조사대상지의 토성은 미사질양토와 사양토이며, 토양산도는 pH5.5, 전기전도도는 0.15dS/m, 토양유기물함량은 2.60%, 유효인산함량은 4mg $kg^{-1}$으로 확인되었다. 환경 특성과 식생 및 토양분석 결과에 기초한 상관분석에서는 종다양도와 균등도, 유기물함량과 전질소함량은 정의상관관계를 보였고, 경사와 초본층의 피도, 종다양도와 우점도는 부의관계를 형성하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn, J.K., H.C. Lee, C.H. Kim, D.O. Lim and B.Y. Sun(2008) Phylogeny and conservation of the genus Bupleurum in Northeast Asia with special reference to B. latissimum, endemic to Ulleung Island in Korea. Korea Journal of Environment and Ecology 22(1): 18-34. (in Korean with English abstract)
  2. Brower, J.R. and J.H. Zar(1977) Field and Laboratory Methods for General Ecology. Wm. C. Brown Company, 194pp.
  3. Cheon, K.S., J.S. Han, K.A. Kim, K.H. Ok and K.O. Yoo(2012) Habitat Environmental Characteristics of Polypodium vulgare L. in Ulleung-do. Journal of Environment and Ecology 26(1): 1-10. (in Korean with English abstract)
  4. Cox, G.W.(1976) Laboratory Manual of General Ecology. Wn. C. Brown Co., 232pp.
  5. Curtis, J.T. and R.P. McIntosh(1951) An Upland Forest Continuum in the Prairie-Forest Border Region of Wisconsin. Ecology 32(3): 476-496. https://doi.org/10.2307/1931725
  6. Ellenberg, H.(1956) Grundlagen der vegetationsgliederung. T. I. Aufgaben und Methoden der Vegetationskunde. In Walter. H.(Hrsg.) Einfubrung in die Phytologie IV. Stuttgart, 136pp.
  7. Falk, D.A. and P. Olwell(1992) Scientific and policy conservations on reintroduction of endangered species, Rhodora 94(879): 287-315.
  8. Hong, H.H., H.T. Im and S.G. Hong(1999) One species of Korean Wikstroemia (Thymelanaceae) : W. ganpi (Sieb. et Zucc.) Maxim. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 29(4): 391-396. (in Korean with English abstract)
  9. IUCN(2001) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK., 32pp.
  10. Jeong, J.H., K.S. Koo, C.H. Lee and C.S. Kim(2002) Physicochemical properties of Korean forest soils by regions. Journal of Korean Forest Society 91(6): 694-700. (in Korean with English abstract)
  11. Kalra, Y.P. and D.G. Maynard(1991) Methods manual for forest soil and plant analysis. Forestry Canada, Northwest Region, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, CA, pp. 1-116.
  12. Kim, E.H.(2007) Ecological characteristics of Leontice microrhyncha community in Mt. Jumbong. Master thesis, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea, 49pp.(in Korean with English abstract)
  13. Kim, H.J.(2009) Conservation biology of Wikstroemia trichotoma Community. Ph. D. Dissertation, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea, 107pp. (in Korean with English abstract)
  14. Kim, H.J., M.Y. Kim and H.K. Song(2008) Vegetation and soil properties of Wikstromia Community focused on Wikstromia trichotoma and Wikstromia ganpi. Journal of Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture 269(2): 51-60. (in Korean with English abstract)
  15. Kim, J.W and Y.K. Lee(2006) Classification and Assessment of Plant Communities. Worldscience, Seoul, 240pp. (in Korean)
  16. Kitamura, S., G. Murata and M. Hori(1957) Coloured Illustrations of Woody Plants of Japan. Vol. I, Hoikusha, Osaka, pp. 225-226.
  17. Korea Meteorological Administration(2013) http://www.kma.go.kr
  18. Korea National Arboretum(2008) Rare Plants Data Book of Korea. Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Korea, 332pp. (in Korean)
  19. Korea National Arboretum(2013) http:www.nature. go.kr
  20. Lee, S.H., M.H. Yeon and J.K. Shim(2011) Habitat and Distribution Feature of Endangered Species Leontice microrhyncha S. Moore. Korea Journal of Environment and Ecology 25(6): 819-827. (in Korean with English abstract)
  21. Lee, S.W.(1981) Studies on forest soils in Korea(II). Journal of Korea Forest Society 54:25-35. (in Korean with English abstract)
  22. Machado, J. and P.B. Reich(1999) Evaluation of several measures of canopy openness as predictors of photosynthetic photon flux density in deeply shaded conifer-dominated forest understory. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29: 1438-144. https://doi.org/10.1139/x99-102
  23. McCune, B. and M.J. Mefford(2006) PC-ORD. Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data, Version 5. 10. MjM Software, Gleneden Beach, Oregon, USA.
  24. Miller, H.G. and R.L. Donahue(1990) Soils, An Introduction to Soils and Plant Growth. Prentice-Hill, NJ., 768pp.
  25. National Institute of Biological Resources(2012) Red Data Book of Endangered Vascular Plants in Korea. National institute of biological resources, Incheon, 391pp. (in Korean)
  26. Noh, T.H., B.H. Han, J.Y. Kim, M.Y. Lee and K.J. Yoo(2013) Actual vegetation and structure of plant community in Daegwallyeong Ranch, Gangwon-do (Province). Korea Journal of Environment and Ecology 27(5): 579-591. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2013.27.5.579
  27. Ohwi, J.(1984) Flora of Japan. Smithonian Ins., Washington D.C., pp. 646.
  28. Pearson, K.(1895) Mathematical contributions to the theory of evolution, On homotyposis in homologous but differentiated organs. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 71: 288-313.
  29. Pielou, E.C.(1975) Ecological Diversity. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 168pp.
  30. Primack, R.B.(2004) A Primer of Conservation Biology(3rd ed.). Sinaurer Associates, Sunderland, U.S.A., 292pp.
  31. Qiaoming, L., Z. Xu and T. He(2002) Ex situ genetic conservation of endangered Vatica guangxiensis (Dipterocarpaceae) in China. Biological Conservation 106(2): 151-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00240-3
  32. Satake, Y., H. Hiroshi, W. Shunji and T. Tadao(1989) Wild Flowers of Japan. Woody Plant, Heibonsha Ltd., Tokyo, pp. 81-82.
  33. Shin, H.T and M.H. Yi(2011) The Relationship Between Soil Seed Bank and Ground Layer of Actual Vegetation in Korea. Journal of the Environmental Sciences 20(1): 127-135. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.5322/JES.2011.20.1.127
  34. Sung, J.W., M.H. Yi, J.W. Yoon, G.S. Kim, H.T. Shin and Y.S. Kim(2013) Growth environment and vegetation structure of native habitat of Corydalis cornupetala. Korea Journal of Environment and Ecology 27(3): 271-279. (in Korean with English abstract)
  35. Whittaker, R.H.(1956) Vegetation of the Great Smoky Mountains. Ecological Monographs 26(1): 1-80. https://doi.org/10.2307/1943577
  36. Yi, M.H., Y.S. Kim, D.G. Kim, S.G. Park and H.T. Shin(2010) The Relationship Between Soil Seed Bank and Actual Vegetation. Korea Journal of Environment and Ecology 24(6): 638-647. (in Korean with English abstract)