Korean Journal of Child Studies (아동학회지)

Korean Association of Child Studies (한국아동학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Parenting Stress Changes in Both of Continuous Working and Non-Working Mothers After the Birth of Their First Child : A Focus on the Effects of the Values, Knowledge and Expectations about Their Children

첫 자녀 출산 후 취업모와 전업모의 양육스트레스 변화 : 자녀가치, 양육지식, 자녀미래기대가 미치는 영향을 중심으로

  • 송영주 (계명문화대학교 유아교육과) ;
  • 이미란 (동양대학교 유아교육과) ;
  • 천희영 (고신대학교 아동복지학과)
  • Received : 2014.07.25
  • Accepted : 2014.10.14
  • Published : 2014.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate parenting stress changes in both continuous working and continuous non-working mothers after the birth of their first child and their relationships with the cognitive variables about child-rearing, using the 3rd Panel Study on Korean Children(PSKC) by the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education(KICCE). The results revealed that the parenting stress of the non-working mothers was higher than the stress experienced by the working mothers. The increase in stress was only found both groups between the second year and the third year of childbirth. The total explanatory power of the knowledge, values and expectations regarding their children saw stress increase for the working mothers, but saw it decrease for the non-working mothers. Finally, the emotional value surrounding parenthood was the most powerful variable for both groups, with the exception of the non-working mothers' stress, as experienced in the first year.

Keywords

References

  1. Abidin, R. R. (1990). Parenting Stress Index Short Form(PSI-SF). Charlottesville, VA: Pediatric Psychology Press.
  2. Abidin, R. R. (1992). The determinant of parenting behavior. The Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 21(4), 401-412.
  3. Ahn, J. Y. (2000). The effects of maternal parental beliefs, efficacy and stress on mother's parenting behaviors. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
  4. Bek, Y-S. (2007). The effect stress and guilt of mothers in raising children have in their attitude of raising children. Unpublished master's thesis, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
  5. Cho, S. Y., Lee, J. H., Chun, H. Y., Shim, M. K., Hwang, H. J., & Choi, H. Y. (2014). Infant and toddler development. Seoul: Sinjeong.
  6. Cho, Y-J. (2013). Influences of mother's expectation about children's future and parenting stress on awareness level of parent's role. Unpublished master's thesis, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
  7. Choe, H. S. (2002). Effects of mother's perceived social support, stress, and child's temperament of mother's parenting self-efficacy. Unpublished master's thesis, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
  8. Choe, H. S., & Chung, O. B. (2000). The development of an inventory for measuring the parenting self-efficacy of Korean mothers. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 22(3), 1-16.
  9. Choi, H., Yeon, E. M., Kwon, S. J., & Hong, Y. J. (2013). A longitudinal relationships among maternal perception of father involvement in child care, value of children, parenting knowledge, and parenting stress. Korean Journal of Child Care and Education Policy, 17(2), 21-45.
  10. Chung, H-E., & Chin, M-J. (2008). The intention of having a second child by the employment status of married women. Korea Journal of Population Studies, 31(1), 147-164.
  11. Chung, M., Hong, S., & Park, S. (2013). A study on the variables affecting additional childbirths of the families with one child. Journal of Early Childhood Education, 33(1), 259-277.
  12. Collins, M. E. (1992). Parent's cognition and development changes in relationships during adolescence. Early Child Development and Care, 143, 79-93.
  13. Crinic, K., & Acevedo, M. (1995). Everyday stresses and parenting. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting (2nd ed., pp. 277-297). NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  14. Crinic, K., & Booth, C. L. (1991). Mothers' and father's perceptions of daily hassles of parenting across early childhood. Journal of Marriage and Family, 53, 1042-1050. https://doi.org/10.2307/353007
  15. Crinic, K., & Low, C. (2002). Everyday stresses and parenting. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting (Vol. 5): Practical issues in parenting (pp. 243-267). Hilllsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  16. Eom, J-W. (2011). Predictable variables for parenting stress in Korean mothers of infants: Focus on demographic characteristics, infant's characteristics, mother's psychological characteristics marital relationships, and social support system. Unpublished master's thesis, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
  17. Forgays, D. K., Ottaway, S. A., Guarino, A., & D'Alessio, M. (2001). Parenting stress in employed and at-home mothers in Italy. Journal of Family and Economic Issue, 22(4), 327-351. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012703227992
  18. Goodnow, J. (1988). Parents' ideas, actions, and feelings: Models and methods from develop mental and social psychology. Child Development, 59, 286-320. https://doi.org/10.2307/1130312
  19. Gross, D., Conrad, B., Fogg, L., & Wothke, W. (1994). A longitudinal model of maternal self-efficacy, depression, and difficult temperament during toddlerhood. Research in Nursing & Health, 17, 207-215. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.4770170308
  20. Hashimi, H. A., Khurshid, L., & Hassan, I. (2007). Maternal adjustment, stress and depression among working and nonworking women. Internet Journal Med Update, 2(1), 1-11.
  21. Hunt, J. M., & Paraskevopoulos, J. (1980). Children's psychological development as a function of the inaccuracy of their mothers' knowledge of their abilities. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 136(2), 285-298. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.1980.10534123
  22. Kim, E-J., & Seo, Y-H. (2012). A study on child rearing experience of stay-at-home mom with infants. Journal of Early Childhood Education and Care, 7(1), 93-114.
  23. Kim, J. K. (2012). The home environment exploration according to the employment of infancy mother. The Third Korean Children Panel Investigation Conference, Seoul, Korea, 25-42.
  24. Kim, J. M., Moon, S. M., Kim, Y. K., & Ahn, S. H. (2013). The effects of maternal parenting knowledge and mother-caregiver relationship on parenting stress. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 34(5), 79-98. https://doi.org/10.5723/KJCS.2013.34.5.79
  25. Kim. K. H., & Kang, K. K. (1997). Development of the parenting stress scale. Family and Environment Research, 35(5), 141-150.
  26. Kim, M-J. (2011). The effect of mother's parenting beliefs and expectation on parenting intelligence. Korean Journal of Family Welfare, 16(3), 155-170.
  27. Kim, M-J. (2013). The relationships between parenting beliefs, expectations and parenting intelligence between fathers and mothers. Korean Journal of Family Welfare, 18(3), 311-332. https://doi.org/10.13049/jofw.2013.18.3.311
  28. Kim, S. Y. (2009). The relationship between mothers' parental beliefs and their childrearing behaviors. Korean Journal of Human Ecology, 18(2), 313-324. https://doi.org/10.5934/KJHE.2009.18.2.313
  29. Kim, Y. E., Cho, B. H., & Jung, M. J. (2007). Prevalence study of mothers' perception on pregnancy, childbirth, and childcare: Comparison between years 2002 and 2007. Journal of Korean Child Care and Education, 3(2), 69-88.
  30. Kim, Y., & Song, Y. (2007). The relation between a mother's parenting knowledge about infants and parental stress. The Journal of Korea Open Association for Early Childhood Education, 12(4), 475-493.
  31. Korea Institute of Child Care and Education(2011). Preliminary analysis report of Korean Children Panel 2010. Research Report 2011-26, Retrieved from http://panel.kicce.re.kr/kor/ inquiry/03.jsp?mode=view&idx=6952&startPage=0&listNo=8&code=panelreport&search_item=&search_order=&order_list=10&list_scale=10&view _level=0
  32. Kwon, M. K. (2011). Parenting stress and related factors of employed and non-employed mothers with infants. Journal of Korean Child Care and Education, 7(2), 19-41.
  33. Lee, H. S. (2003). The relationship between working mother's attitudes in child rearing and young children's maladjustment behavior. The Journal of Korea Open Association for Early Childhood Education, 8(3), 337-354.
  34. Lee, H. J. (2013). A longitudinal study on the maternal parenting stress: The use of a latent growth model. The Forth International Conference on Korean Children, Seoul, Korea, 251-271.
  35. Lee, K. (2012). The use of child of care service and maternal variables. The Third Korean Children Panel Investigation Conference, Seoul, Korea, 137-159.
  36. Lee, M. R. (2013). A study on the influencing factors of mother's parenting stress with the context of multicultural families. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 34(4), 143-162. https://doi.org/10.5723/KJCS.2013.34.4.143
  37. Lee, S., Jeong, Y., Kim, H., Choi, E., Park, S., & Cho, N. (2005). National survey on dynamics of marriage and fertility. Seoul: Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs.
  38. Lee, S., & Park, S. (2012). Parenting knowledge, attributions and the perceptions of parenting roles as they relate to the parenting behaviors of mothers' towards their infants. The Korean Journal of the Human Development, 19(2), 131-149.
  39. Lee, S-S. (2006). A study on impact of the change in values on marriage and fertility behaviors. Health and Social Welfare Review, 26(2), 95-140.
  40. Lim, H-J., Choi, H-J., & Lee, D-K. (2012). How emotions during pregnancy and childbirth and parenting stress impact on parenting styles for working moms and homemaker moms. Korean Journal of Early Childhood Education, 32(3), 225-244.
  41. MacPhee, D. (1984). The pediatrician as a source of information about child development. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 9(1), 87-100. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/9.1.87
  42. MacPhee, D. (2002). Knowledge of infant development inventory: Survey of child care experiences & manual (2nd ed.). Unpublished manuscript, Colorado State University.
  43. Melson, G. F., Ladd, G. W., & Hsu, H. (1993). Maternal support network, maternal cognitions and young children's social and cognitive development. Child Development, 64(5), 1401-1417. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131542
  44. Miller, S. A. (1988). Parents' beliefs about children's cognitive development. Child Development, 59(2), 259-285. https://doi.org/10.2307/1130311
  45. Min, H., & Moon, Y. (2013). Relationship among mother's knowledge of infant development, maternal parenting stress, maternal parenting behavior and infant development. Korean Journal of Human Ecology, 22(1), 43-56. https://doi.org/10.5934/KJHE.2013.22.1.43
  46. Moon, H. J. (2004). Parenting stress of employed and unemployed mothers. Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association, 42(11), 109-122.
  47. Muslow, M., Caldera, Y. M., Pusley, M., & Reifman, A. (2002). Multilevel factors influencing maternal stress during the first three years. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64, 944-956. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2002.00944.x
  48. Nam, J. I. (2005). The relationship among mother's self-actualization, mother's expectation and children's self-esteem. Unpublished master's thesis, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
  49. National Women's Education Center of Japan (2007). International comparative research on Home education 2005: Survey on children and the family. Saitama, Japan: Author.
  50. Ok, K. H., & Chun, H. Y. (2012). Maternal parenting stress of infants from different income groups: The relative importance of father involvement, the marital relationship, and meanings of parenthood. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 33(1), 205-221. https://doi.org/10.5723/KJCS.2012.33.1.205
  51. Ostberg, M., & Hagekull, B. (2000). A structural modeling approach to the understanding of parenting stress. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 29(4), 615-625. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2904_13
  52. Reece, S. M., & Harkless, G. (1998). Self efficacy, stress, and parental adaptation: Applications to the care of childrearing families. Journal of Family Nursing, 4(2), 198-215. https://doi.org/10.1177/107484079800400206
  53. Sohn, S. M. (2012). Parenting stress and related factors of employed and non-employed mothers with infants. Journal of Future Early Childhood Education, 19(1), 331-357.
  54. Song, Y. S., & Kim, Y. J. (2008). The effects of parenting stress and parenting knowledge on parenting self-efficacy: A comparative study between infant and early childhood mothers. The Journal of Korea Open Association for Early Childhood Education, 13(3), 181-203.
  55. Suh, J. H., & Kim, J. K. (2012). The study on the factor affecting infancy maternal parenting stress. Korea Journal of Child Care and Education, 73(1), 101-121.
  56. Watson, R. I., & Lindgen, H. C. (1973). Psychology of the child (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  57. Yang, M., & Kim, Y. (2012). A study on the level of mother's parenting stress. Journal of Korean Child Care and Education, 8(3), 229-247.
  58. Yoon, H. J., & Cho, B. H. (2004). Maternal knowledge of child rearing and home environment. Journal of Future Early Childhood Education, 11(2), 59-88.
  59. Yoon, J-W., Hwang, R. I., & Cho, H. H. (2009). Parenting stress and related factors of employed and non-employed mothers with preschool children. Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing, 15(4), 294-302. https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2009.15.4.294
  60. Yu, W. Y., & Lee, S. (1998). The causal relations of children's social adjustment and related variables: Focusing on the parenting stressor, social support and parenting behaviors. Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association, 36(10), 65-78.

Cited by

  1. Comparative Study on Health Promoting Behavior in Working and Non-working Mothers with Infants and Toddlers vol.25, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2014.25.4.282