DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Cross-sectional Study of Nutrient Intake for Korean Women with Menopause and Metabolic Syndrome

한국여성의 폐경에 따른 대사증후군과 영양섭취에 대한 단면 연구

  • 한경훈 (서울의료원 의학연구소) ;
  • 김성훈 (서울의료원 신경외과) ;
  • 송관영 (서울의료원 신경외과) ;
  • 한성희 (고려대학교 보건과학대학 생물신소재연구소) ;
  • 김도희 (서울의료원 의학연구소)
  • Received : 2015.10.21
  • Accepted : 2015.12.02
  • Published : 2015.12.31

Abstract

Menopausal status and hormonal changes are important factors related to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in women. Nutrient intake is also a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Although, postmenopausal status and hormonal changes result in a 60% increased risk for metabolic syndrome, there has been no method to elucidate the effects of nutrient intake on metabolic syndrome following menopause. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of nutrient intake by menopausal women on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. All data were obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2009. Menopausal women showed a 1.8-fold increase in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome group showed significantly lower values in calcium, iron, vitamin A, carotin, retinol and riboflavin intake than those of normal group in premenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, there are significant differences in crude fiber, calcium, iron, potassium, riboflavin and niacin. Indeed, different patterns of nutrient intake were observed by menopausal status and metabolic syndrome. As menopause cannot be controlled, a diet with adequate nutrient intake may be useful to control the rapid increase in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome due to menopause.

Keywords

References

  1. Ainy E, Mirmiran P, Zahedi Asl S, Azizi F. 2007. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome during menopausal transition Tehranian women: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Maturitas 58:150-155 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2007.07.002
  2. Alberti KG, Zimmet PZ. 1998. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus: provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med 15:539-553 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S
  3. Arnlov J, Ingelsson E, Sundstrom J, Lind L. 2010. Impact of body mass index and the metabolic syndrome on the risk of cardiovascular disease and death in middle-aged men. Epidemiology and Prevention 121:230-236
  4. Astrup A, Grunwald GK, Melanson EL, Saris WH, Hill JO. 2000. The role of low-fat diets in body weight control: a meta-analysis of ad libitum dietary intervention studies. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 24:1545-1552 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0801453
  5. Carr MC. 2003. The emergence of the metabolic syndrome with menopause. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:2404-2411 https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-030242
  6. Cho GJ, Lee JH, Park HT, Shin JH, Hong SC, Kim T, Hur JY, Lee KW, Park YK, Kim SH. 2008. Postmenopausal status according to years since menopause as an independent risk factor for the metabolic syndrome. Menopause 15:524-529 https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0b013e3181559860
  7. Eshtiaghi R, Esteghamati A, Nakhjavani M. 2010. Menopause is an independent predictor of metabolic syndrome in Iranian women. Maturitas 65:262-266 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.11.004
  8. Fukami K, Koike K, Hirota K, Yoshikawa H, Miyake A. 1995. Perimenopausal changes in serum lipids and lipoproteins: a 7-year longitudinal study. Maturitas 22:193-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-5122(95)00927-D
  9. Gittelsohn J, Wolever TMS, Harris SB, Harris-Giraldo R, Hanley AJG, Zinman B. 1998. Specific patterns of food consumption and preparation are associated with diabetes and obesity in a Native Canadian community. Journal of Nutrition 128:541-547 https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/128.3.541
  10. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, Donato KA, Eckel RH, Franklin BA, Gordon DJ, Krauss RM, Savage PJ, Smith SC Jr, Spertus JA, Costa F. 2005. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation 112:2735-2752 https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169404
  11. Hidalgo LA, Chedraui PA, Morocho N, Alvarado M, Chavez D, Huc A. 2006. The metabolic syndrome among postmenopausal women in Ecuador. Gynecol Endocrinol 22:447-454 https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590600890272
  12. Jialal I, Devaraj S, Singh U, Huet BA. 2010. Decreased number and impaired functionality of endothelial progenitor cells in subjects with metabolic syndrome: Implications for increased cardiovascular risk. Atherosclerosis 211:297-302 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.01.036
  13. Khoo CL, Perera M. 2005. Diabetes and the menopause. J Br Menopause Soc 11:6-11 https://doi.org/10.1258/1362180053654475
  14. Kim HM, Ryu SY, Park J, Kim J. 2007. The effect of menopause on the metabolic syndrome among Korean women. Diabetes Care 30:701-706 https://doi.org/10.2337/dc06-1400
  15. Liu S, Song Y, Ford ES, Manson JE, Buring JE, Ridker PM. 2005. Dietary calcium, vitamin D, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older US women. Diabetes Care 12:2926-2932
  16. Lobo RA. 2008. Metabolic syndrome after menopause and the role of hormones. Maturitas 60:10-18 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2008.02.008
  17. Moon HK, Kong JE. 2010. Assessment of nutrient intake for middle aged with and without metabolic syndrome using 2005 and 2007 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey. Korean J Nutr 43:69-78 https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2010.43.1.69
  18. Pan WH, Yeh WY, Weng LC. 2008. Epidemiology of metabolic syndrome. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 17:S37-42
  19. Park HS, Oh SW, Cho SI, Choi WH, Kim YS. 2004. The metabolic syndrome and associated lifestyle factors among South Korean adults. Int J Epidemiol 33:328-336 https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyh032
  20. Park SY, Park MS, Ko JA. 2008. The association between carbohydrate intake and waist circumference. Korean J Obesity 17:175-181
  21. Park YW, Zhu S, Palaniapan L, Heshka S, Carnethon MR, Heymsfield SB. 2003. The metabolic syndrome: Prevalence and associated risk factor findings in the US population from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arch Intern Med 163:427-436 https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.4.427
  22. Pittas AG, Lau J, Hu FB, Dawson-Hughes B. 2007. The role of vitamin D and calcium in type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Matab 92:2017-2029 https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-0298
  23. Reaven GM. 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 37:1495-1607
  24. Regitz-Zagrosek V, Lehmkuhl E, Mahmoodzadeh S. 2007. Gender aspects of the role of the metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Gend Med 4:S162-S177 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1550-8579(07)80056-8
  25. Roberts CK, Sindhu KK. 2009. Oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome. Life Sci 22:705-712
  26. Rossi R, Origliani G, Modena MG. 2004. Transdermal 17-$\beta$-estradiol and risk of developing type 2 diabetes in a population of healthy, nonobese postmenopausal women. Diabetes Care 27:645-649 https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.27.3.645
  27. Santoro N, Torrens J, Crawford S, Allsworth JE, Finkelstein JS, Gold EB, Korenman S, Lasley WL, Luborsky JL, McConnell D, Sowers MF, Weiss G. 2005. Correlates of circulating androgens in mid-life women: the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:4836-4845 https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-2063
  28. The Korean Nutrition Society. 2005. Korean dietary reference intakes. http://www.kns.or.kr [cited 2009 Jan 5]
  29. Torng PL, Su TC, Sung FC, Chien KL, Huang SC, Chow SN, Lee YT. 2002. Effects of menopause on intraindividual changes in serum lipids, blood pressure, and body weight: the Chin-Shan Community Cardiovascular Cohort Study. Atherosclerosis 161:409-415 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9150(01)00644-X
  30. Willett WC. 2002. Dietary fat plays a major role in obesity: no. Obes Rev 3:59-68 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-789X.2002.00060.x
  31. Yoo HJ, Kim YH. 2008. A study on the characteristics of nutrient intake in metabolic syndrome subjects. Korean J Nutr 41:510-517
  32. Yu-Poth S, Zhao G, Etherton T, Naglak M, Jonnalagadda S, Kris-Etherton PM. 1999. Effects of the National cholesterol Education Program's Step I and Step II dietary intervention programs on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 69:632-646 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/69.4.632
  33. Zhu S, St-Onge MP, Heshka S, Heymsfield SB. 2004. Lifestyle behaviors associated with lower risk of having the metabolic syndrome. Metabolism 53:1503-1511 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2004.04.017
  34. Zimmermann MB, Aeberli I. 2008. Dietary determinants of subclinical inflammation, dyslipidemia and components of the metabolic syndrome in overweight children: a review. Int J Obes 32:S11-18
  35. Zimmet PZ, Alberti KG, Shaw J. 2005. International Diabetes Federation: the IDF consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Voice 50:31-33