DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Elastic Modulus of Locally Stiffness-variant Polydimethylsiloxane Substrates for Stretchable Electronic Packaging Applications

신축성 전자패키징용 강성도 국부변환 polydimethylsiloxane 기판의 탄성계수

  • Oh, Hyun-Ah (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University) ;
  • Park, Donghyeun (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University) ;
  • Han, Kee-Sun (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University) ;
  • Oh, Tae Sung (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University)
  • 오현아 (홍익대학교 공과대학 신소재공학과) ;
  • 박동현 (홍익대학교 공과대학 신소재공학과) ;
  • 한기선 (홍익대학교 공과대학 신소재공학과) ;
  • 오태성 (홍익대학교 공과대학 신소재공학과)
  • Received : 2015.12.04
  • Accepted : 2015.12.23
  • Published : 2015.12.30

Abstract

In order to apply to stretchable electronics packaging, locally stiffness-variant stretchable substrates consisting of island structure were fabricated by combining two polydimethylsiloxane elastomers of different stiffnesses and their elastic moduli were characterized as a function of the width of the high-stiffness island. The low-stiffness substrate matrix and the embedded high-stiffness island of the stretchable substrate were formed by using Dragon Skin 10 of the elastic modulus of 0.09 MPa and Sylgard 184 of the elastic modulus of 2.15 MPa, respectively. A stretchable substrate was fabricated to be a configuration of 6.5-cm length, 0.4-cm thickness, and 2.5-cm width, in which a high-stiffness Sylgard 184 island, of 4-cm length, 0.2-cm thickness, and 0.5~1.5-cm width, was embedded. The elastic modulus of a stretchable substrate was increased from 0.09 MPa to 0.16 MPa by incorporating the Sylgard 184 island of 0.5-cm width to Dragon Skin 10 substrate matrix. The elastic modulus was further improved to 0.18 MPa and 0.2 MPa with increasing the Sylgard 184 island width to 1.0 cm and 1.5 cm, which were in good agreement with values estimated by combining the Voigt structure of isostrain and the Reuss structure of isostress.

신축성 전자패키징에 응용하기 위해 강성도가 서로 다른 polydimethylsiloxane 탄성고분자인 Sylgard 184와 Dragon Skin 10을 사용하여 섬(island) 구조가 삽입된 강성도 국부변환 신축성 기판을 형성한 후, 강성도 국부변환부의 폭에 따른 기판의 탄성계수를 분석하였다. 기판 기지로는 탄성계수가 0.09 MPa인 Dragon Skin 10을 사용하였으며, 기판 기지 내에 삽입되는 강성도 국부변환부는 탄성계수가 2.15 MPa인 Sylgard 184로 형성하였다. 신축성 기판의 형상은 길이 6.5 cm, 두께 0.4 cm, 폭 2.5 cm이었으며, 중앙부에 길이 4 cm, 두께 0.2 cm, 폭 0.5~1.5 cm인 강성도 국부변환부를 삽입하였다. 폭 0.5 cm의 Sylgard 184를 Dragon Skin 10에 삽입함에 따라 기판의 탄성계수가 0.09 MPa에서 0.16 MPa로 증가하였다. Sylgard 184의 폭을 1.0 cm 및 1.5 cm으로 증가시킴에 따라 기판의 탄성계수가 0.18 MPa와 0.2 MPa로 증가하였으며, Sylgard 184 강성도 국부변환부의 폭에 따른 기판 탄성계수의 변화는 등변형률의 Voigt 구조와 등응력의 Reuss 구조를 조합하여 예측한 값과 잘 일치하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. J. Y. Choi, D. W. Park and T. S. Oh, "Variation of Elastic Stiffness of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Stretchable Substrates for Wearable Packaging Applications", J. Microelectron. Packag. Soc., 21(4), 125 (2014). https://doi.org/10.6117/kmeps.2014.21.4.125
  2. J. Y. Choi and T. S. Oh, "Flip Chip Process on CNT-Ag Composite Pads for Stretchable Electronic Packaging", J. Microelectron. Packag. Soc., 20(4), 17 (2013). https://doi.org/10.6117/KMEPS.2013.20.4.017
  3. M. Gonzalez, B. Vandervelde, W. Chistianens, Y.-Y. Hsu, F. Iker, F. Bossuyt, J. Vanfleteren, O. van der Sluis and P. H. M. Timmermans, "Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of Flexible and Stretchable Systems", 11th International Conference of Thermal, Mechanical and Multiphysics Simulation and Experiments in Micro-Electronics and Micro-Systems (EuroSimE), Berlin, 1, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (2010).
  4. J. H. Ahn, H. Lee and S. H. Choa, "Technology of Flexible Semiconductor/Memory Device", J. Microelectron. Packag. Soc., 20(2), 1 (2013). https://doi.org/10.6117/kmeps.2013.20.2.001
  5. J. Xiao, A. Carlson, Z. J. Liu, Y. Huang, H. Jiang and J. A. Rogers, "Stretchable and Compressible Thin Films of Stiff Materials on Compliant Wavy Substrates", App. Phys. Lett., 93, 013109 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2955829
  6. T. Loher, D. Manessis, R. Heinrich, B. Schmied, J. Vanfleteren, J. DeBaets, A. Ostmann and H. Reichl, "Stretchable Electronic Systems", Proc. 59th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC), San Diego, 893, IEEE Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology Society (CPMT) (2009).
  7. T. Sekitani, Y. Noguchi, K. Hata, T. Fukushima, T. Aida and T. Someya, "A Rubberlike Stretchable Active Matrix Using Elastic Conductors", Science, 321, 1468 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1160309
  8. D. H. Kim, J. H. Ahn, W. M. Choi, H. S. Kim, T. H. Kim, J. Song, Y. Y. Huang, Z. Liu, C. Lu and J. A. Rogers, "Stretchable and Foldable Silicon Integrated Circuits", Science, 320, 507 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1154367
  9. M. Gonzalez, F. Axisa, M. V. Bulcke, D. Brosteaux, B. Vandevelde and J. Vanfleteren, "Design of Metal Interconnects for Stretchable Electronic Circuits", Microelectron. Reliab., 48, 825 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2008.03.025
  10. T. Sekitani, H. Nakajima, H. Maeda, T. Fukushima, T. Aida, K. Hata and T. Someya, "Stretchable Active-Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode Display Using Printable Elastic Conductors", Nature Mater., 8, 494 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2459
  11. J. H. Ahn and J. H. Je, "Stretchable Electronics: Materials, Architectures and Integrations", J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 45, 102001 (2012).
  12. D. H. Kim and J. A. Rogers, "Stretchable Electronics: Materials Strategies and Devices", Adv. Mater., 20, 4887 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200801788
  13. J. Y. Choi, D. H. Park and T. S. Oh, "Chip Interconnection Process for Smart Fabrics Using Flip-Chip Bonding of SnBi Solder", J. Microelectron. Packag. Soc., 19(3), 71 (2012). https://doi.org/10.6117/KMEPS.2012.19.3.071
  14. S. W. Jung, J. S. Choi, J. B. Koo, C. W. Park, B. S. Na, J. Y. Oh, S. S. Lee and H. Y. Chu, "Stretchable Organic Thin-Film Transistors Fabricated on Elastomer Substrates Using Polyimide Stiff-Island Structures", ECS Solid State Lett., 4(1), P1 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0011501ssl
  15. A. Befahy, P. Lipnik, T. Pardoen, C. Nascimento, B. Patris, P. Bertrand and S. Yunus, "Thickness and Elastic Modulus of Plasma Treated PDMS Silica-like Surface Layer", Langmuir, 26(5), 3372 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1021/la903154y
  16. I. D. Johnston, D. K. McCluskey, C. K. L. Tan and M. C. Tracey, "Mechanical Characterization of Bulk Sylgard 184 for Microfluidics and Microengineering", J. Micromech. Microeng., 24, 035017 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/24/3/035017
  17. J. C. Lotters, W. Olthuis, P. H. Veltink and P. Bergveld, The Mechanical Properties of the Rubber Elastic Polymer Polydimethylsilicone for Sensor Applications", J. Micromech. Microeng., 7, 145 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/7/3/017
  18. S. P. Lacour, S. Wagner, Z. Huang and Z. Suo, "Stretchable Gold Conductors on Elastomeric Substrates", Appl. Phys. Lett., 82, 2404 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1565683
  19. Y. K. Son, J. E. Kim and I. Y. Cho, "Trends on Wearable Computer Technology and Market", Electronics and Telecommunications Trends, 23, 79 (2008).
  20. J. E. Kim, H. T. Jeong and I. Y. Cho, "Trend in Digital Clothing Technology", Electronics and Telecommunications Trends, 24, 20 (2009).
  21. T. Linz, R. Vieroth, C. Dils, M. Koch, T. Braun, K. F. Becker, C. Kallmayer and S. M. Hong, "Embroidered Interconnections and Encapsulation for Electronics in Textiles for Wearable Electronics Applications", Adv. Sci. Technol., 60, 85 (2008). https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AST.60.85
  22. S. P. Lacour, S. Wagner, R. J. Narayan, T. Li and Z. Suo, "Stiff Subcritical Islands of Diamondlike Carbon for Stretchable Electronics", J. Appl. Phys., 100, 014913 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2210170
  23. Y. Y. Hsu, C. Papakyrikos, M. Raj, M. Dalal, P. Wei, X. Wang, G. Hupport, B. Morey and R. Ghaffari, "Archipelago Platform for Skin-mounted Wearable and Stretchable Electronics", Proc. 64th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC), Orlando, 145, IEEE Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology Society (CPMT) (2014).
  24. R. Li, M. Li, Y. Su, J. Song and X. Ni, "An Analytical Mechanics Model for the Island-Bridge Structure of Stretchable Electronics", Soft Matt., 9, 8476 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1039/c3sm51476e
  25. F. Schneider, T. Fellner, J. Wilde and U. Wallrabe, "Mechanical Properties of Silicones for MEMS", J. Micromech. Microeng., 18, 065008 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/18/6/065008
  26. T. K. Kim, J. K. Kim and O. C. Jeong, "Measurement of Nonlinear Mechanical Properties of PDMS Elastomer", Microelectron. Eng., 88, 1982 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2010.12.108
  27. E. A. Wilder, S. Guo, S. Lin-Gibson, M. J. Fasolka and C. M. Stafford, "Measuring the Modulus of Soft Polymer Network via a Buckling-Based Metrology", Macromolecules, 39, 4138 (2009).
  28. Z. Wang, A. A. Volinsky and N. D. Gallant, "Crosslinking Effect on Polydimethylsiloxane Elastic Modulus Measured by Custom-Built Compression Instrument", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 131(22), (2014).
  29. J. H. Seo, K. Sakai and N. Yui, "Adsorption State of Fibronectin on Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Surfaces with Varied Stiffness Can Dominate Adhesion Density of Fibroblasts", Acta Biomater., 9, 5493 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2012.10.015
  30. C. R. Barrett, A. S. Tetelman and W. D. Nix, "The Principles of Engineering Materials", pp.316-325, Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs (1973).
  31. S. Popovics, "Quantitative Deformation Model for Two-phase Composites Including Concrete", Mater. Struct., 20, 171 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02472733
  32. S. Popovics and M. R. A. Erdey, "Estimation of the Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete-like Composite Materials", Mater. Struct., 3, 253 (1970).

Cited by

  1. Comparison of Flip-Chip Bonding Characteristics on Rigid, Flexible, and Stretchable Substrates: Part II. Flip-Chip Bonding on Compliant Substrates vol.58, pp.8, 2017, https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.M2017066
  2. 신축 전자패키지 배선용 금속박막의 신축변형-저항 특성 II. Au, Pt 및 Cu 박막의 특성 비교 vol.24, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.6117/kmeps.2017.24.3.019
  3. 신축 전자패키지 배선용 금속박막의 신축변형-저항 특성 I. Parylene F 중간층 및 PDMS 기판의 Swelling에 의한 영향 vol.24, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.6117/kmeps.2017.24.3.027
  4. 신축성 전자패키지용 강성도 국부변환 신축기판의 계면접착력 향상공정 vol.25, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.6117/kmeps.2018.25.4.111
  5. PDMS-Ecoflex 하이브리드 소재를 이용한 투명 신축성 기판의 기계적 및 광학적 특성 vol.25, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.6117/kmeps.2018.25.4.129
  6. Island-Bridge 구조의 강성도 경사형 신축 전자패키지의 유효 탄성계수 및 변형거동 분석 vol.26, pp.4, 2019, https://doi.org/10.6117/kmeps.2019.26.4.039
  7. PDMS 기반 강성도 경사형 신축 전자패키지의 신축변형-저항 특성 vol.26, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.6117/kmeps.2019.26.4.047
  8. 강성도 경사형 신축 전자패키지의 탄성특성 및 반복변형 신뢰성 vol.26, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.6117/kmeps.2019.26.4.055