DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Mediating Effect of Effortful Control on the Relationship between Affectionate Parenting Behavior and Preschooler's Conscience

부·모의 애정적 양육행동과 유아의 양심 발달 간의 관계에서 의도적 통제의 매개효과

  • 배윤진 (육아정책연구소) ;
  • 임지영 (경북대학교 아동학부 아동가족학전공)
  • Received : 2014.11.30
  • Accepted : 2015.01.21
  • Published : 2015.02.28

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between parents' affectionate parenting behavior, preschooler's effortful control, and conscience. In this study, the subjects consisted of 335 preschoolers ($M_{month}=65.86$) and their parents. The major results of this study were as follows. First, there were positive correlations between parents' affectionate parenting behavior, preschooler's effortful control, and conscience. Second, preschooler's effortful control mediated the effects of affectionate parenting behavior upon preschooler's conscience. Third, preschooler's effortful control(Time 1) had effects upon conscience(Time 2). In conclusion, this study revealed that parents' affectionate parenting behavior and preschooler's effortful control can have a significant impact on the level of preschooler's conscience.

Keywords

References

  1. Bae, K. J. (2001). Effects of individual and familial characteristics on preschoolers' theory-of-mind. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
  2. Bae, Y. J. (2012). The relationships among parents' effortful control, affectionate parenting behavior, preschooler's effortful control, prosocial behavior, and cognitive problemsolving ability. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
  3. Bae, Y. J., & Lim, J. Y. (2011). Analysis of trends in research on effortful control. Korean Journal of Human Ecology, 20(1), 57-70. https://doi.org/10.5934/KJHE.2011.20.1.057
  4. Bae, Y. J., & Lim, J. Y. (2012). Factors affecting preschooler's prosocial behavior and cognitive problem-solving ability: Focusing on the parents' and preschooler's effortful control, and affectionate parenting behavior. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 33(3), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.5723/KJCS.2012.33.3.1
  5. Bae, Y. J., & Lim, J. Y. (2013). The effects of parenting behavior on preschooler's social adjustment: Focusing on the mediating effects of effortful control. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 34(1), 161-173. https://doi.org/10.5723/KJCS.2013.34.1.161
  6. Bae, Y. J., & Lim, J. Y. (2014). Preschoolers' effortful control according to paternal and maternal parenting behaviors: Focusing on the interaction effect between gender and parenting behaviors. Journal of Korean Home Management Association, 32(2), 77-97. https://doi.org/10.7466/JKHMA.2014.32.2.77
  7. Bear, G. G., Uribe-Zarain, X., Manning, M. A., & Shiomi, K. (2009). Shame, guilt, blaming, and anger: Difference between children in Japan and the U.S. Motivation and Emotion, 33, 229-238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-009-9130-8
  8. Caspi, A., & Shiner, R. L. (2006). Personality development. In W. Damon, R. Lerner & N. Eisenberg (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology, Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development (6th ed., pp. 300-365). New York: Wiley.
  9. Cho, E. Y. (2009). Relationship between parental discipline style and young child's conscience: The moderating role of young child's fearfulness. Unpublished master's thesis, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, Korea.
  10. Cho, Y. J. (1999). A study on an infant's conscience development. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
  11. Cho, Y. J., & Kim, K. W. (2000). Relations between related variables and children's conscientious behaviors estimated by mothers. The Korean Journal of Human Development, 7(1), 135-159.
  12. Choi, S. J. (2002). The study relationship between the methode of mother discipline and infant's sociality development. Korean Journal of Educational Psychology, 16(3), 197-219.
  13. Dennis, T. A., Brotman, L. M., Huang, K. Y., & Gouley, K. K. (2007). Effortful control, social competence, and adjustment problems in children at risk for psychopathology. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 36, 442-454. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374410701448513
  14. Dunn, J., Brown, J. R., & Maguire, M. (1995). The development of children's moral sensibility individual differences and emotion understanding. Developmental Psychology, 31, 649-659. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.31.4.649
  15. Eisenberg, N., Sadovsky, A., Spinrad, T. L., Fabes, R. A., Losoya, S. H., Valiente, C., Reiser, M., Cumberland, A., & Shepard, S. A. (2005). The relations of problem behavior status to children's negative emotionality, effortful control, and impulsivity: Concurrent relations and prediction of change. Developmental Psychology, 41(1), 193-211. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.41.1.193
  16. Eisenberg, N., Smith, C. L., & Spinrad, T. L. (2011). Effortful control: Relations with emotion regulation, adjustments, and socialization in childhood. In R. F. Baumeister & K. D. Vohs (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications (2nd ed., pp. 263-283). New York: Guilford Press.
  17. Eisenberg, N., & Spinrad, T. (2004). Emotionregulated regulation: Sharpening the definition. Child Development, 75(2), 334-339. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00674.x
  18. Eisenberg, N., Spinrad, T. L., Fabes, R. A., Reiser, M., Cumberland, A., Shepard, S. A., Valiente, C., Losoya, S. H., Guthrie, I. K., Thompson, M., & Murphy, B. (2004). The relations of effortful control and impulsivity to children's resiliency and adjustment. Child Development, 75, 25-46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00652.x
  19. Eisenberg, N., Valiente, C., Spinrad, T. L., Cumberland, A., Liew, J., Reiser, M., Zhou, Q., & Losoya, S. H. (2009). Longitudinal relations of children's effortful control, impulsivity, and negative emotionality to their externalizing, internalizing, and co-occurring behavior problems. Developmental Psychology, 45(4), 988-1008. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016213
  20. Gilliom, M., Shaw, D. S., Beck, J. E., Schonberg, M. A., Lukon, J. L., & Winslow, E. (2002). Anger regulation in disadvantaged preschool boys: Strategies, antecedents, and the development of self-control. Developmental Psychology, 38, 222-235. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.38.2.222
  21. Han, Y. S. (2010). The effects of mothers' emotional expressivity on children's aggression: mediating effects of effortful control. Unpublished master's thesis, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
  22. Hong, K. S. (2004). Effects of mother's discipline style and children's temperament on morality in young children. Unpublished master's thesis, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.
  23. Jo, G. M. (2011). An exploratory study on children's prosocial moral development. Korean Elementary Moral Education Society, 36, 205-229.
  24. Kim, K. S. (2010). Amos 18.0 structural equation modeling. Seoul: Hannarae.
  25. Kim, Y. H. (2006). Relationship between maternal parenting style, children's gender, temperament and moral self. Unpublished master's thesis, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, Korea.
  26. Kochanska G., & Aksan, N. (2006). Children's conscience and self-regulation. Journal of Personality, 74(6), 1587-1618. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00421.x
  27. Kochanska, G., Barry, R. A., Jimenez, N. B., Hollatz, A. L., & Woodard, J. (2009). Guilt and effortful control: Two mechanisms that prevent disruptive developmental trajectories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 322-333. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015471
  28. Kochanska, G., Coy, K. C., & Murray, K. T.(2001). The development of self-regulation in the first four years of life. Child Development, 72, 1091-1111. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00336
  29. Kochanska, G., DeVet, K., Goldman., M., Murray, K., & Putnam, S. P. (1994). Maternal reports of conscience development and temperament in young children. Child Development, 65, 852-868. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131423
  30. Kochanska, G., & Knaack, A. (2003). Effortful control as a personality characteristic of young children: Antecedents, correlates, and consequences. Journal of Personality, 71(6), 1087-1112. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.7106008
  31. Kochanska, G., & Murray, K. (2000). Mother-child mutually responsive orientation and conscience development: From toddler to early school age. Child Development, 71(2), 417-431. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00154
  32. Kochanska, G., Murray, K., & Coy, K. C. (1997). Inhibitory control as a contributor to conscience in childhood: From toddler to early school age. Developmental Psychology, 68, 263-277.
  33. Kochanska, G., Murray, K., & Harlan, E. T. (2000). Effortful control in early childhood: Continuity and change, antecedents, and implications for social development. Developmental Psychology, 36, 220-232. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.36.2.220
  34. Kochanska, G., Tjebkes, T. L., & Forman, D. R. (1998). Children's emerging regulation of conduct: Restraint, compliance, and internalization from infancy to the second year. Child Development, 69, 1378-1389. https://doi.org/10.2307/1132272
  35. Kwon, Y. H. (2011). Relationships of child effortful control and problem behaviors: The mediating role of teacher-child relationships. Korean Journal of Human Ecology, 20(3), 595-609. https://doi.org/10.5934/KJHE.2011.20.3.595
  36. Lamb, M. E. (1986). The father's role: Applied perspectives. New York: Wiley.
  37. Lapsley, D. (2000). Moral psychology(Moon, Y. L., trans.). Seoul: Jungang Jeokseong.
  38. Lee, Y. J., & Chung, E. J. (2013). Mediating effects of preschooler's effortful control: Relationship of maternal parenting and preschooler's psychological adjustment. Korean Journal of Psychology: General, 32(1), 231-249.
  39. Lengua, L. J. (2008). Anxiousness, frustration, and effortful control as moderators of the relation between parenting and adjustment in middlechildhood. Social Development, 17(3), 554-577. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00438.x
  40. Lengua, L. J., Honorado, E., & Bush, N. R. (2007). Contextual risk and parenting as predictors of effortful control and social competence in preschool children. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 28, 40-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2006.10.001
  41. Moon, Y. K. (2010). The Effects of maternal emotional availability on preschooler's social skills and problem behaviors: Mediating effects of preschooler's effortful control. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
  42. Park, M. R. (2011). The effect of father's child rearing involvement on their children's self-esteem and sociomorality. Unpublished master's thesis, Daegu University, Daegu, Korea.
  43. Park, S. Y. (2006). Child Development. Paju: Kyomunsa.
  44. Posner, M. I., & DiGirolamo, G. J. (2000). Cognitive neuroscience: Origins and prospects. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 873-889. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.126.6.873
  45. Posner, M. I., & Rothbart, M. K. (1998). Attention, self-regulation and consciousness. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, 353, 1915-1927. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1998.0344
  46. Posner, M. I., & Rothbart, M. K. (2000). Developing mechanisms of self-regulation. Developmental and Psychology, 12, 427-441. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400003096
  47. Putnam S. P., & Rothbart, M. K. (2006). Development of short and very short forms of the children's behavior questionnaire. Journal of Personality Assessment, 87(1), 103-113.
  48. Rothbart, M. K., & Bates, J. E. (1998). Temperament. In W. Damon & N. Eisenberg (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional, personality development (pp. 105-176). New York: Wiley.
  49. Rothbart, M. K., & Bates, J. E. (2006). Temperament. In N. Eisenberg & W. Damon (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol 3. Social, emotional, and personality development (6th ed., pp. 99-166). New York: Wiley.
  50. Spinrad, T. L., Eisenberg, N., & Gartner, B. (2007a). Measure of effortful regulation for young children. Infant Mental Health Journal, 2(6), 606-626.
  51. Spinrad, T. L., Eisenberg, N., Gartner, B., Popp, T., Smith, C. L., Kupfer, A., Greving, K., Liew, J., & Hofer, C. (2007b). Relations of maternal socialization and toddlers' effortful control to children's adjustment and social competence. Developmental Psychology, 43(5), 1170-1186. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.43.5.1170
  52. Stifter, C. A., Cipriano, E., Conway, A., & Kelleher, R. (2009). Temperament and the development of conscience: The moderating role of effortful control. Social Development, 18(2), 353-374. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2008.00491.x
  53. Valiente, C., Lemery-Chalfant, K., & Reiser, M. (2007). Pathways to problem behaviors: Chaotic homes, parent and child effortful control, and parenting. Social Development, 16(2), 249-267. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00383.x
  54. Woo, H. G. (2003). The effects of the consistency of verbal control patterns between parents on development of their children's morality. The Korean Journal Child Education, 12(1), 77-93.
  55. Zhou, Q., Lengua, L. J., & Wang, Y. (2009). The relations of temperament reactivity and effortful control to children's adjustment problems in China and the United States. Developmental Psychology, 45(3), 724-739. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013776
  56. Zhou, Q., Wang, Y., Deng, X., Eisenberg, N., Wolchik, S., & Tein, J. Y. (2008). Relations of parenting and temperament to Chinese children's experience of negative life events, coping efficacy, and externalizing problems. Child Development, 79, 493-513. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01139.x

Cited by

  1. The Relation Between Fathering and School Children’s Effortful Control: Moderating Effects of Parents’ Effortful Control vol.38, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.5723/kjcs.2017.38.3.19