Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Evaluation of nutrient intake and food variety by age in Korean adolescents: Based on 2010~2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

남녀 청소년에서 연령별 영양소 섭취 및 식사의 다양성 평가: 2010~2012 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여

  • Bae, Yun-Jung (Food and Nutrition Major, Division of Food Science and Culinary Arts, Shinhan University)
  • 배윤정 (신한대학교 식품조리과학부 식품영양전공)
  • Received : 2015.04.08
  • Accepted : 2015.05.14
  • Published : 2015.06.30
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Abstract

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the nutrient intake and food variety in Korean adolescents. Methods: We analyzed 1,555 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years using data from the combined 2010~2012 KNHANES (Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). In this study, subjects were divided according to age group (12~14 y, 15~18 y). The nutrient intake, ND (nutrient density), food intake and food score from each food group, variety and food intakes of meals, DDS (dietary diversity score), and GMVFDO (grain, meat, vegetable, fruit, dairy and oil food group) were analyzed using data from the 24-recall method. Results: The results showed that the 15~18 age groupskipped breakfast significantly more often than the 12~14 age group (p < 0.0001). The 15~18 age group consumed significantly higher quantities of fat per 1,000 kcal compared to the 12~14 age group (p = 0.0069). Regarding food variety, the 15~18 age group showed a significantly higher intake (p < 0.0001) and score (p < 0.0001) from beverages than the 12~14 age group, whereas the 15~18 age group showed a significantly lower intake (p = 0.0084) and score (p = 0.0253) from milk than the 12~14 age group. In addition, DDS in the 15~18 age group (4.33) tended to be lower than that of the 12~14 age group (4.44) (p = 0.0727). Conclusion: Proper dietary management regarding meal variety is needed for the 15~18 age group, and more systematic studies to investigate the meal variety roles of adolescents are required.

본 연구에서 우리나라 국가단위 대규모 데이터를 사용하여 청소년을 대상으로 성별 연령군에 따른 식사 섭취의 다양성에 대하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 식습관 조사 결과 12~14세군의 경우 아침결식자의 비율이 13.54%로 15~18세군의 23.16%에 비해 유의적으로 낮은 비율을 보였으며 (p < 0.0001), 이는 남학생과 여학생에서 모두 같은 결과를 보였다. 또한 영양교육 수혜 여부를 조사한 결과, 12~14세군이 18.07%로 15~18세군의 11.49%에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며 (p = 0.0020), 남학생과 여학생에서 모두 같은 양상을 보였다. 2. 영양 밀도 분석 결과 15~18세군은 12~14세군에 비해 지방의 섭취 밀도가 높은 반면 (p = 0.0069), 탄수화물의 섭취 밀도는 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다 (p = 0.0063). 또한 영양소별 밀도는 성별에 따라 상이한 결과를 보여 여학생의 경우 15~18세군이 12~14세군에 비해 지방의 섭취 밀도가 유의적으로 높게 나타났지만 (p = 0.0494), 남학생의 경우 15~18세군의 비타민 B1 (p = 0.0324), 나이아신 (p = 0.0227) 및 나트륨 (p = 0.0344)의 섭취 밀도가 12~14세군에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 3. 식품군별 섭취량 분석 결과 15~18세군이 12~14세군에 비해 채소류 (p = 0.0386), 육류 (p = 0.0099), 유지류 (p = 0.0093), 음료류 (p < 0.0001) 및 양념류 (p = 0.0056)에서 유의적으로 높은 섭취량을 보인 반면, 우유 및 유제품류 (p = 0.0084)의 섭취에서는 15~18세군이 12~14세군에 비해 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다. 또한 음료류의 경우 남학생 (p < 0.0001)과 여학생 (p < 0.0001)에서 모두 15~18세군이 12~14세군에 비해 유의적으로 높은 섭취량을 보였다. 4. 섭취한 식품 가짓수를 분석한 결과 12~14세군과 15~18세군의 1일 섭취한 식품 가짓수는 각각 33.00개와 32.76개로 두군간 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 그러나 음료류 (p < 0.0001)의 경우 15~18세군이 12~14세군에 비해 유의적으로 높은 섭취 가짓수를 보인 반면, 우유 및 유제품류 (p = 0.0253)에서는 15~18세군이 12~14세군에 비해 유의적으로 낮은 섭취 가짓수를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 음료류의 경우 남학생 (p < 0.0001)과 여학생 (p < 0.0001)에서 모두 15~18세군이 12~14세군에 비해 유의적으로 높은 섭취 가짓수를 보였다. 5. 식품군점수를 분석한 결과, 12~14세군과 15~18세군의 1일 섭취한 식품군점수는 각각 4.44점과 4.33점으로 두 군간 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 그러나 12~14세 남학생에서 식품군점수 = 6인 대상자의 비율이 16.97%로 15~18세 남학생의 11.45%에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다 (p = 0.0404). 이와 같은 결과를 통하여 15~18세 청소년의 경우 12~14세 청소년에 비하여 식품군 섭취의 측면에서 식사의 다양성 저하의 우려를 가지고 있음을 제안할 수 있으며, 본 연구는 향후 청소년들을 대상으로 다양한 식품 섭취의 중요성 및 섭취 방법 등에 대한 세분화된 영양교육시 기초자료가 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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